Browsing by Author "Agede, Olalekan"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Item
    Adverse reactions to antiretroviral drugs in patients receiving therapy in a Federal teaching hospital Southwest Nigeria
    (West African Journal of Pharmacy, 2014) Usman, Sikiru; Oreagba, Ibrahim; Agede, Olalekan; Awodele, Olufunsho; Ejikam, Chioma; Akinyede, Akinwunmi
    Background: Antiretroviral drugs have proven efficacy in reducing viral load to undetectable plasma levels. Although, adverse reactions to antiretroviral drugs may cause death, prolongation of hospitalization, nonadherence and treatment failure in HIV infected persons; they are not fully documented in Nigeria. It is therefore necessary to evaluate adverse reactions of patients to antiretroviral drugs in Nigeria. Objectives: This study aimed to document the adverse reactions to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in HIV-positive patients, assess their severity causality and identify the risk factors for the development of the ADRs. Methods: With the aid of data capture form and interview, information about ADR was obtained prospectively from 51 new patients eligible to commence ARV for a period of 3 months. The retrospective arm made use of information extracted from the case notes of 137 ARV-experienced patients selected using a web-based random method from June 2009 – July 2010). Results: Dizziness (17.40%) was the most frequently reported adverse event in both arms of the study followed by body weakness (11.85%), anemia (11.11%), rash (9.63%), pruritus (9.63%), nausea and vomiting (7.41%) and fatigue (7.41%). Majority of suspected ADRs were mild (76.5%) while only few were severe (3.9%). Female + 3 gender (p=0.0010), CD4 cells count below 200 cells/mm (p=0.0005) and antiretroviral drug combination of Zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine (p=0.0099) were significantly associated with the development of ADRs to ARVs. Conclusion: The most common adverse event to antiretroviral drugs in this study was dizziness followed by body weakness, anaemia, skin rash, body itching, lipodystrophy, nausea and vomiting. Most of the ADRs were + mild and their development was significantly associated with female gender, CD4 cells count below 200 3 cells/mm and antiretroviral drug combination of Zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine.
  • Item
    Benefits, Limitations and Challenges of Virtual Conferencing in The Covid-19 Era: Adjusting to the new normal.
    (College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, 2022) Ogunmodede, James; Ogunmodede, Adebusola; Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Dele-Ojo, B; Omotoso, Ayotunde; Agede, Olalekan; Omotoso, Ayodele
    Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has had tremendous effect on the medical and scientific community. Measures instituted to curb the spread of the disease such as physical distancing and ban on large gatherings have significantly altered conferencing activities of medical professional associations. With no end in sight to the pandemic, it is certain that medical professional associations may have to make do with purely virtual or hybrid conferencing for some time to come. The objective of this paper is to highlight the benefits, disadvantages and challenges of virtual conferencing Methods: We searched Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and AJOL databases from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 for publications describing the benefits, disadvantages and challenges of virtual conferencing during the pandemic. This, together with authors' experience formed the resource base for this work. Conclusion: We propose ways the scientific community in Nigeria can maximize the virtual conferencing while the pandemic lasts. We also advocate increased discussion about how to improve the virtual conferencing culture and the development of guidelines for purely virtual or hybrid scientific conferences.
  • Item
    Combined Intranasal Insulin/Saxagliptin/Metformin Therapies Ameliorate the Effect of Combined Oral Contraceptive- (COC-) Induced Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) with a Major Target on Glucose Metabolism in Adult Female Wistar Rats.
    (Hindawi publishers, 2021) Afolabi, Saheed Olanrewaju; Folahan, Joy; Agede, Olalekan; Olorundare, Olufunke
    Objective. To evaluate the effect of the chronic use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs: ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel) on the indices of metabolic syndrome in adult female Wistar rats and possible therapeutic management. Materials and Methods. 64 female Wistar rats received either distilled water, norethindrone (NOR), COC, intranasal insulin (INI), metformin (MET), saxagliptin (SAX), INI+MET, and INI+SAX. After 8 weeks of exposure to COC, the animals were sorted into the therapeutic groups. Several parameters were assayed for, such as body weight changes, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, insulin levels, inflammatory cytokines, and glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac). Results. The levels of FBG, insulin, and Hb1Ac were increased consequent upon COC treatment. Treatment with INI+SAX and INI+MET reduced significantly the levels of FBG and Hb1Ac; in addition, the level of insulin was significantly increased in the INI+MET groups (p ≤ 0:05). Serum lipid profile analysis showed a statistical reduction in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level; this reduction was also significantly reversed in the INI+ SAX group. Reduced catalase activity observed in the COC group was reversed in the INI+MET group (p ≤ 0:05). A nonsignificant increase in the level of TNF-α as a result of COC treatment was reversed by INI and INI+MET treatment. Liver GLUT4 and G-6-phosphate levels were significantly increased by COC treatment, and this effect was reversed by INI+SAX in both assays, respectively (p ≤ 0:01). Conclusions. The use of MET and SAX in combination with INI has been shown to reverse some indices of MetS. This study proposes a clinical phase to backup and ascertain these preclinical findings.
  • Item
    Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extract: An Effective Attenuator of Doxorubicin-Mediated Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats
    (Hindawi publishers, 2020) Olorundare, Olufunke; Adeneye, Adejuwon; Akinyele, Akinsola; Kolo, Philip; Agede, Olalekan; Soyemi, Sunday
    Cardiotoxicity as an off-target effect of doxorubicin therapy is a major limiting factor for its clinical use as a choice cytotoxic agent. Seeds of Irvingia gabonensis have been reported to possess both nutritional and medicinal values which include antidiabetic, weight losing, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidative effects. Protective effects of Irvingia gabonensis ethanol seed extract (IGESE) was investigated in doxorubicin (DOX)-mediated cardiotoxicity induced with single intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg of DOX following the oral pretreatments of Wistar rats with 100-400 mg/kg/day of IGESE for 10 days, using serum cardiac enzyme markers (cardiac troponin I (cTI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers (catalase (CAT), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and reduced glutathione (GSH)), and cardiac histopathology endpoints. In addition, both qualitative and quantitative analyses to determine IGESE’s secondary metabolites profile and its in vitro antioxidant activities were also conducted. Results revealed that serum cTnI and LDH were significantly elevated by the DOX treatment. Similarly, activities of tissue SOD, CAT, GST, and GSH levels were profoundly reduced, while GPx activity and MDA levels were profoundly increased by DOX treatment. These biochemical changes were associated with microthrombi formation in the DOX-treated cardiac tissues on histological examination. However, oral pretreatments with 100-400 mg/kg/day of IGESE dissolved in 5% DMSO in distilled water significantly attenuated increases in the serum cTnI and LDH, prevented significant alterations in the serum lipid profile and the tissue activities and levels of oxidative stress markers while improving cardiovascular disease risk indices and DOX-induced histopathological lesions. The in vitro antioxidant studies showed IGESE to have good antioxidant profile and contained 56 major secondary metabolites prominent among which are γ-sitosterol, Phytol, neophytadiene, stigmasterol, vitamin E, hexadecanoic acid and its ethyl ester, Phytyl palmitate, campesterol, lupeol, and squalene. Overall, both the in vitro and in vivo findings indicate that IGESE may be a promising prophylactic cardioprotective agent against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, at least in part mediated via IGESE’s antioxidant and free radical scavenging and antithrombotic mechanisms.
  • Item
    Prevalence and predictors of problematic smart phone use among university undergraduates
    (Community Health Society, Malaysia, 2023) Ogunmodede, James; Ogunmodede, Adebusola; Ahmed, A; Buhari, Oluwabunmi; Agede, Olalekan; Bojuwoye, Matthew; Bello, Hamza; Olatunji, A; Oyeleke, O; Adeoye, S; Babatunde, O; Omotoso, Ayotunde
    Background: A smartphone is a mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer, typically having a touchscreen interface, internet access, and an operating system capable of running downloaded applications. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and predictors of problematic smartphone use (PSU) among university undergraduates. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional design. PSU was studied among the students using the Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short version (SAS-SV). Results: Mean age was 21.3+2.59 years, mostly female (55.2%). The prevalence of smartphone ownership was 99.4% (3305). 13.9% of students had PSU. Factors associated with PSU were female gender (p=0.001), owning more than one smartphone (p=0.001), time spent on making phone calls (<0.001), surfing social media (<0.001), engaging in overnight phone call/social media chat (p=0.001), use of Twitter (p=0.002), Instagram (p=0.001), Snapchat (p=0.001), YouTube (p=0.001), online gaming (p=0.002), presence of probable psychiatric morbidity (p=0.001) and insomnia (p<0.001). The predictors of PSU were female gender (OR 1.305, p=0.038), engaging in overnight calls or social media chats (OR 2.243, p=0.001), using a smartphone in bed when unable to sleep at night (OR 2.832, p=0.003), probable psychiatric morbidity (OR 1.671, p<0.001), and insomnia (OR 1.298, p=0.043). Conclusion: Compared with other studies the prevalence of PSU among our participants is relatively low. However, PSU is a potentially disruptive behavioural addiction in undergraduates. Knowing predictors of PSU offers an opportunity for preventive counselling early in the course of study of all undergraduates.