Browsing by Author "Adisa, M.J"
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Item Chlorpyrifos: Toxicological effects on Clarias gariepinus and its amelioration by Blighia sapida seeds’ extract(International Journal of Phytofuels and Allied Sciences., 2016) Sulaiman, F.A; Iyiola, O.A; Quadri, A.L; Oyegoke, R.A; Bello, O.K; Muritala, H.F; Ahmed, O; Adisa, M.J; Tejidini, T.T; Badrudeen, O; Efuntoye, A.FChlorpyrifos; CPF (O, O-diethyl O-3, 5, 6–trichloro-2-pyridyphosphorothioate) is commonly used for the control of pests and insects in agricultural fields and surrounding freshwater reservoirs. This study was carried out to find out the ameliorative potentials of Blighia sapida seeds on Clarias gariepinus exposed to chlorpyrifos. The Acute toxicity assay was to determine the 96 h Lethal Concentration (LC50) values of organophosphate pesticide, which was conducted with definitive test in a semi-static system in the laboratory using the standard methods. Range finding test was carried out prior to determination of the concentrations of the test (chlorpyrifos) solution for definitive test. The experiment was conducted in plastic containers containing 10L of non-chlorinated and aerated water. The acute study; A set of 15 fish specimen were randomly exposed to organophosphate concentrations; 1ml of stock solution was added to B1 and B2, 2ml to C1 and C2, 3ml to D1 and D2, 4ml to E1 and E2 while 5ml was added to F1 and F2. The exposure was for 7 days. For chronic study; one tenth of LC50 (0.12ml/L) = 0.012ml/L was used for Groups B-E while group A is the positive control with 0.00ml/L of Chlorpyrifos (i.e. the group was free of chlorpyrifos), Group B was made the negative control, fishes in this group, which were also exposed to 0.012ml/L chlorpyrifos, were only fed with normal fish feed i.e. no Blighia sapida seeds’ extract was added, to serve as the negative control. The exposure was for 28 days and the fishes in groups C to E were fed with feeds, formulated using Blighia sapida seed. Results obtained from this study revealed that chlorpyrifos caused considerable alterations, i.e. increase in enzymes’ activities (ALT, AST, ALP) as well as alterations in other metabolites (urea, albumin, protein and glucose) in the serum, liver and kidney of all Clarias gariepinus in the negative group which are fishes exposed to the insecticide; chlorpyrifos is suspected to have induced some tissue damages in the C. gariepinus, that may result in enzymes and metabolites leakages into the serum. Blighia sapida seeds’ extract (at 25%, 50% and 75%) reduced some of the adverse effects of chlorpyrifos in C. gariepinus exposed and it was therefore concluded to possess ameliorative effects against animals’ exposure to chlorpyrifos pesticides. Therefore, this chemical should be handled with care as usual and lots of caution must still be taken to prevent or reduce its entrance or leakage into the aquatic environment. Blighia sapida seeds’ extract is therefore recommended for use to ameliorate any possible toxic effects of chronic chlorpyrifos exposure.Item Modulation of rat serum lipid profile and nephrotic indices following oral exposure to the extracts of chilli pepper(EurAsian Journal of BioSciences Eurasia J Biosci, 2019) Sulaiman, F.A; Yusuf, B.O; Omar, S.A; Muritala, H.T; Adisa, M.J; Olopade, A.A; Babajamu, F.I; Jimba, A.T; Babatunde, A.L; Adeniyi, B.A; Opaleye, B.R; Maimako, R.F; Otohinoyi, D.A; Bello, O.K; Rotimi, D; Olaolu, T.D; Nwonuma, C.O; Alejolowo, O.O; Batiha, G.E; osemwegie, O.O; Adeyemi, O.SBackground: The increasing application of plants for medicinal purposes necessitates safety/toxicity profiling. Objective: In the present study, we evaluated the toxicological effects of the ethanolic extracts of the leaves (CAL), root (CAR) and stem (CAS) of Capsicum annuum in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned groups and given oral administration of the extracts or distilled water for 28 days. Results: Data showed that administration of ethanolic extracts of CAL, CAR and CAS did alter the liver function indices but not in a clear-cut manner to suggest hepatotoxicity. The CAR and CAS extracts decreased (p<0.05) the rat serum albumin levels compared with the control. In contrast, CAL extracts raised (p<0.05) the rat serum albumin level relative to the control. The plant extract administration raised rat serum bilirubin level compared with the control. Further, the extracts caused reduction (p<0.05) in rat serum TAG levels compared with the control. The CAL, CAR and CAS extracts did not significantly affect the rat serum creatinine level, but caused significant elevation of rat serum urea compared with the control. Conclusion: Taken together, findings do not only support the cardio-protective potential of C. annuum extracts, but implicate the nephrotoxic tendency of the plant extracts.Item Toxicological Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles and Colchicine on Biochemical Indices in Albino Wistar Rats(Centrepoint Journal (Science Edition), Published by University of Ilorin, 2017-07-13) SULAIMAN, A. Faoziyat; Iyiola, Oluyinka Ajibola; Sulaiman, A. Abdulfattah; Quadri, A.L; Oyegoke, R.A; Adisa, M.J; Adeyemi, S.B; Adebayo, Maimunat Adetutu; Itadare, Oluwasola BeatriceSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have numerous biomedical uses due to its excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, antiviral, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activity. The present research was carried out with the aim to determine effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) and colchicine on albino wistar rats. The silver nanoparticle was administered at the dosages of 1.11, 1.48, 1.85 and 2.22 mg/kg rat body weight to groups B to E respectively. Group A, which serve as the positive control group was administered with distilled water while group F was treated with a reference drug, called colchicine. The rats were sacrificed under slight anaesthesia twenty-four (24) hours after the last treatment and the effect of the silver nanoparticles and the colchicine on different enzymes and substrates in serum and selected organs were studied. Administration of silver nanoparticle has no significant differences (p > 0.05) on the average body weight, weight of organs and organ-body weight ratios of test rats when compared with the positive control rats. Administration of the silver nanoparticles to the test groups causes a significant alteration (p < 0.05) on the activities of alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, alkaline phosphatase and concentrations of total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine compared with the positive control group. The results obtained suggested that the effects of silver nanoparticles on hepatocytes at high doses (1.85mg/kg and 2.22mg/kg) led to the disruption and leakage of its enzymes into the blood stream. High concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST) were found the serum of the rats, indicating liver damage. We therefore recommend that the usage of silver nanoparticles as drug carrier should be at low doses to prevent hepatotoxicity and other related health issues.