Browsing by Author "Adeyemi, Oluwapelumi Olufemi"

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    The broad-spectrum antiviral drug arbidol inhibits foot-andmouth disease virus genome replication
    (Microbiology Society, UK., 2019) Herod, Morgan R; Adeyemi, Oluwapelumi Olufemi; Ward, Joseph; Bentley, Kirsten; Harris, Mark; Stonehouse, Nicola; Polyak, Stephen
    Arbidol (ARB, also known as umifenovir) is used clinically in several countries as an anti-influenza virus drug. ARB inhibits multiple enveloped viruses in vitro and the primary mode of action is inhibition of virus entry and/or fusion of viral membranes with intracellular endosomal membranes. ARB is also an effective inhibitor of non-enveloped poliovirus types 1 and 3. In the current report, we evaluate the antiviral potential of ARB against another picornavirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a member of the genus Aphthovirus and an important veterinary pathogen. ARB inhibits the replication of FMDV RNA subgenomic replicons. ARB inhibition of FMDV RNA replication is not a result of generalized inhibition of cellular uptake of cargo, such as transfected DNA, and ARB can be added to cells up to 3 h post-transfection of FMDV RNA replicons and still inhibit FMDV replication. ARB prevents the recovery of FMDV replication upon withdrawal of the replication inhibitor guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl). Although restoration of FMDV replication is known to require de novo protein synthesis upon GuHCl removal, ARB does not suppress cellular translation or FMDV internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-driven translation. ARB also inhibits infection with the related Aphthovirus, equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV). Collectively, the data demonstrate that ARB can inhibit some nonenveloped picornaviruses. The data are consistent with inhibition of picornavirus genome replication, possibly via the disruption of intracellular membranes on which replication complexes are located.
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    Dengue virus and malaria concurrent infection among febrile subjects within Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria
    (Wiley-Blackwell, USA, 2017) Kolawole, Olatunji Matthew; Seriki, Adebimpe Adetola; Irekeola, Ahmad Adebayo; Bello, Kizito Eneye; Adeyemi, Oluwapelumi Olufemi
    Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease of public health importance. It is caused by four serotypes of Dengue virus (i.e, DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4). As a result of practices that are conducive for mosquito breading, its vector is widespread in Nigeria and this could result to possible DENV outbreaks in Nigeria and beyond. This study aimed to assess the recency of DENV infection as well as occurrence ofDENVand Malaria co-infections within Ilorin, Nigeria. Blood samples were obtained from 176 febrile subjects and analyzed using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the presence of DENV antibodies. Malaria infection was detected using a rapid diagnostic test kit for malaria parasites. Malaria and DENV (IgM positive) co-infected samples were further subjected to RT-qPCR analysis. A seroprevalence of 46.0% was recorded for anti-DENV IgM antibodies and 2.84% for concurrent Dengue and malaria infections. Out of 95 IgM negative samples, 48 were found to be positive for DENV IgG antibodies. Eleven (6.25%) samples were confirmed DENV positive following RT-qPCR. The CT values of the amplicons were between 19.0 and 20.0. DENV serotype 2 dominated the study, while serotype 3 and 4 were equally distributed. Based on the high seroprevalence of DENV obtained in this study, there is a high possibility of experiencing Dengue virus outbreak in Ilorin, Nigeria, not neglecting the fast geographical spread of the vector. Therefore, surveillance and intensive vector control program should be instituted.
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    Functional advantages of triplication of the 3B coding region of the FMDV genome
    (2021) Adeyemi, Oluwapelumi Olufemi; Ward, Joseph C; Snowden, Joseph S; Herod, Morgan R; Rowlands, David J; Stonehouse, Nicola J
    For gene duplication to be maintained, particularly in the small genomes of RNA viruses, this should offer some advantages. We have investigated the functions of a small protein termed VPg or 3B, which acts as a primer in the replication of footand-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Many related picornaviruses encode a single copy but uniquely the FMDV genome includes three (nonidentical) copies of the 3B coding region. Using sub-genomic replicons incorporating nonfunctional 3Bs and 3B fusion products in competition and complementation assays, we investigated the contributions of individual 3Bs to replication and the structural requirements for functionality. We showed that a free N-terminus is required for 3B to function as a primer and although a single 3B can support genome replication, additional copies provide a competitive advantage. However, a fourth copy confers no further advantage. Furthermore, we find that a minimum of two 3Bs is necessary for trans replication of FMDV replicons, which is unlike other picornaviruses where a single 3B can be used for both cis and trans replication. Our data are consistent with a model in which 3B copy number expansion within the FMDV genome has allowed evolution of separate cis and trans acting functions, providing selective pressure to maintain multiple copies of 3B.
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    Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pregnant Women Attending University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital with Regard to Rubella
    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2012) Adeyemi, Oluwapelumi Olufemi; Agbede, Olajide Olubunmi; Kolawole, Olatunji Matthew; Okoh, Anthony
    Objective: This study was carried out to clarify the potential health-risk and to determinant the prevalence of antenatal rubella infection in North-Central, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among pregnant women to establish the knowledge, attitude and practices with regards to antenatal rubella infection in eary pregnancy in Ilorin. A total of 92 subjects were recruited by simple random selection from the antenatal clinics of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Results: Results showed that congenitally defective eyes or ears were regarded as a greater burden to bear than a congenitally defective heart. Pregnant mothers are more likely to abort a congenitally defective fetus before term. Multigravid pregnant women are more likely to have an abortion (X2 =12.48, df = 4, p = 0.014), just as married pregnant women were more likely to abort a congenitally defective fetus before term (X2 = 23.64, df = 4, p = 0.0). Conclusion: It is a general assumption that Nigeria today is majorly rural, therefore, health educational activities for prompt antenatal reporting in sub-urban Ilorin, and Nigeria as a whole, may be a relevant intervention for pregnant women.
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    Pertinent Roles of African Higher Institutions in The COVID-19 Pandemic Response: The University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; An African Model
    (Wiley-Blackwell, USA., 2020) Durotoye, Idayat; Odunola, R; Adeyemi, Oluwapelumi Olufemi; Akanmu, A; Bolarinwa, O; Adeboye, O; Abdullahi, A; Bolajoko, Z; Durosinmi, W; Adebisi, G; Aduloju, V
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    Significance of IgG-Avidity in Antenatal Rubella Diagnosis
    (Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2013) Agbede, Olajide Olubunmi; Adeyemi, Oluwapelumi Olufemi; Olatinwo, Abdul Wahab Olanrewaju
    Objective: A descriptive study was carried out to determine the significance of IgG-affinity in the serological diagnosis of rubella infections in pregnancy. Materials and methods: A total of 92 pregnant women who had never received antirubella vaccines were recruited by simple random selection and did not exceed 24 weeks of gestation were recruited from the antenatal clinics of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. Rubella virus-specific IgG, IgG-affinity and IgM were tested, using the Indirect ELISA methods. Results: IgG-Affinity tests showed that 2 (2.2%) out of the 92 pregnant women, who were in their first and second trimester pregnancies respectively, had primary Rubella infections, while 1 (1.1%) primigravidae had a re-infection with rubella virus. It was also discovered that out of the 13 multigravid subjects that reported to have lost previous pregnancies, 2 (15.4%) cases may have been due to rubella infections that occurred during organogenesis. Conclusion: Although the isolation of the whole virus or the viral nucleic material is the best basis for diagnosis, IgG-affinity is a proven supplementary serological diagnosis, to distinguish reinfection or viral persistence from primary exposure for prompt and accurate diagnosis. This is necessary for proper counselling of pregnant women especially in low economies where molecular diagnosis may not be affordable.