Browsing by Author "Adeyemi, K.D."
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Item Assessment of feeding adaptative strategies used by dairy farmers in edu local government area of kwara state, Nigeria(Faculty of Science, Bayero University, Kano., 2018) Badmos, A.A; Adisa, R.S.; Adeyemi, K.D.; Yussuf, A.T.; Adefalu, L.L.; Ifabiyi, J.O.; Mohammed, N.M.; Belewu, K.D.; Animashaun, J.O; Lawal, A.O.Item Carcass traits, meat yield and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues and Supraspinatus muscle in goats fed blend of canola oil and palm oil(BioMed Central, 2016) Adeyemi, K.D.; Ebrahimi, M; Samsudin, A.A; Sabow, A. B; Sazili, AQBackground: Dietary fats can alter the deposition and distribution of body fats in ruminants. The deposition and distribution of body fat play a vital role in the quality of ruminant carcasses and are of great commercial value since they influence the profitability and consumer acceptability of ruminant meat. The current study examined the effects of dietary blend of 80 % canola oil and 20 % palm oil (BCPO) on carcass characteristics, meat yield and accretion of fatty acid (FA) in subcutaneous, omental, perirenal, and mesentery adipose depots and m. supraspinatus (SS) in goats. Methods: Twenty four Boer crossbred bucks (BW 20.54 ± 0.47 kg) were randomly assigned to diets containing on DM basis 0, 4 and 8 % BCPO, fed for 100 d and harvested. Results: Diet had no effect (P > 0.05) on slaughter weight, dressing percentage, carcass and non-carcass components, meat yield, color, moisture and carotenoid contents and weight of adipose tissues in goats. The proportion of C18:1n-9 and cis-9 trans-11 CLA in the omental, perirenal and SS was higher (P < 0.05) in goats fed 4 and 8 % BCPO compared with the control goats. Dietary BCPO reduced (P < 0.05) the proportion of C14:0 in the omental, perirenal and mesentery depots, C18:0 in the perirenal depot, C16:0 in the SS and C16:1n-7 in the SS, omental and perirenal tissues. Dietary BCPO enhanced the proportion of C18:1 trans-11 Vaccenic and C18:3n-3 in SS and C20:5n-3 in SS and mesentery depot. No significant changes were found in the FA composition of subcutaneous depot. Conclusions: Results indicate that dietary BCPO can be utilized to alter the FA composition of adipose tissues without detrimental effects on carcass characteristics in goats. Nonetheless, dietary BCPO is not an effective repartitioning agent for body fats in goats.Item Carcass traits, meat yield and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues and Supraspinatus muscle in goats fed blend of canola oil and palm oil(BioMed Central, 2015) Adeyemi, K.D.; Ebrahimi, M; Samsudin, A.A; Sabow, A. B; Sazili, AQChill storage did not affect the antioxidant enzyme activities in both muscles. The IS had greater (P < 0.05) superoxide dismutase and catalase activities than GM. Carotenoid and tocopherol contents did not differ between muscles but decreased (P < 0.05) over storage. The IS had higher (P < 0.05) glycogen and ultimate pH and lower (P < 0.05) shear force and cooking loss than GM. The carbonyl content, % metmyoglobin, drip loss and TBARS increased (P <0.05) while free thiol, metmyoglobin reducing activity (MRA), shear force and myoglobin decreased (P < 0.05) over storage. Muscle type had no effect (P > 0.05) on free thiol, MRA and TBARS. The GM had lower (P < 0.05) redness on d 0 and 1 than IS while the IS had greater carbonyl, % metmyoglobin and drip loss than GM on d 7. The reflective density of slow myosin heavy chain (MHC) was higher (P < 0.05) while the density of fast MHC and actin was lower (P < 0.05) in IS than GM. Regardless of muscle type, the density of MHC decreased (P < 0.05) while that of actin was stable over storage. Nonetheless, the degradation of fast and slow MHC was greater (P < 0.05) in IS than GM. Muscle type had no effect (P > 0.05) on consumer preference for flavour, juiciness and overall acceptability. However, IS had higher (P < 0.05) tenderness score than GM on d 1 and 4 postmortem. Intramuscular fat was higher (P< 0.05) in IS compared with GM. Fatty acid composition did not differ between the muscles. However, GM had lower (P < 0.05) n-6/n-3 ratio than IS. The n-3 and n-6 PUFA declined (P < 0.05) while the SFA increased (P < 0.05) over storage. Conclusion: The changes in myofibrillar proteins and physicochemical properties of goat meat during postmortem chill storage are muscle-dependent.Item Dietary Oil Type and Late Feed Restriction Elicit Synergistic Effects on Growth, Caeca Bacteria, Carcass, Fat Accretion, and Muscle Lipids in Female Broilers(Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2023) Adeyemi, K.D.; Sola-Ojo, F.E.; El-Imam, A.M.; Atolani, O.; Alli, O.I.; Adegboyega, A.O.; Abubakar, S.O.; Obamonire, O.S.; Ologunade, F.O.The influence of dietary oil type (OT) and late feed restriction (FR) on growth, caeca bacteria count, carcass, separable fat depots, serum and muscle lipids, and meat quality in broilers is examined. In total, 224, 21-day-old female Arbor acres broilers are randomly allotted to either PN, Unrestricted+50 g kg−1 palm oil (PO); PR, 25%-FR+PO; SN, Unrestricted+50 g kg−1 soybean oil (SO); or SR, 25%-FR+SO for 21 d. The SN and PR birds have the heaviest and lightest body weight gain (BWG), respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is poorer in the PN birds. Feed-restricted birds have more caeca Lactobacillus and lower Salmonella, serum cholesterol, and triglycerides. Carcass yield is higher in SR birds and lower in PN birds. The FR-OT interaction is significant for muscle lipids and weight of fat depots. The PN birds deposit more abdominal, intramuscular, sartorial, mesentery and neck fats, muscle saturated fatty acids, and C18:1n-9 and lower C18:3n-3 and C20:5n-3 than other birds. Neither OT nor FR affects the pH, color, water holding capacity, and oxidative stability of breast meat. The changes elicited by 25%-FR on BWG, FCR, carcass yield, depot fats, and muscle lipids in female broilers are dependent on dietary OT. Practical Application: Fast growth rate and unrestricted access to feed can predispose broiler chickens to excessive fat accretion, which is counterproductive. Producing high-quality carcasses that meet consumers’ expectation is crucial for sustainable and efficient broiler production. The possible interaction between dietary OT and late quantitative FR in mitigating excessive fat accretion and altering production indices in female broilers is explored. Late quantitative FR reduces BWG, FCR, serum lipids, caeca pH and Salmonella spp. and fat accretion in fat depots, and enhances carcass yield and caeca Lactobacillus spp. However, the impacts are more pronounced in the PO birds than the SO birds. Late FR improves the C18:3n-3 and C18:2n-6 contents in PO meat while reducing the C14:0 and C16:0 contents in SO meat. These findings explicate that dietary OT and late quantitative FR can be synergistically used to mitigate excessive fat accretion and alter growth, caeca microflora, and muscle lipids in broilers.Item Effect of alligator pepper (Aframommum melegueta) and honey on proximate composition, microbial and sensory properties of West African soft cheese.(Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2020) Badmos, A.A.; Odebisi-Omokanye, I.M.; Joseph, J.K.; Yusuff, A.T.; Adeyemi, K.D.; Okoli, F.P.; Arise, A.K.; Salami, Khadijat Onozare; Lawal, A.O.Cheese is a highly nutritious food but the supply is highly limited by its short shelf life in the tropics. Several attempts have been made through the use of natural preservatives to increase the shelf life of cheese. In this study, the effect of honey and ether extract of Aframommum melegueta (A. melegueta) on proximate, microbial and sensory properties of cheese was investigated using three levels (0, 3, and 6%) of the two additives in a 3×3 factorial experiment. The sensory value of the cheese samples was assessed by a 30-member panel, the proximate values determined and the bacterial status monitored over a 3-day period. The results showed at 3% level each of honey and ether extract of A. melegueta (3H;3A), there was a significant improvement in the protein and fat content of the soft cheese. The control cheese without the addition of the additives and the cheese fortified with 3% A. melegueta extract were the most acceptable to the sensory panelists. Lactic acid bacteria and non-lactic isolates were isolated from the cheese. The cheese treated with 6 % honey and 6 % A. melegueta extract (6H, 6A) had the lowest bacterial count. The following blends of honey and ether extract of A. melegueta - 6H, 6A; 3H;3A; 0H;6A and 6H;0A is recommended as preservatives and additives of West African Soft Cheese.Item Effect of early feeding of diluted diets on haematology and serum chemistry of exotic and improved local chicks(Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN), 2018) Sola-Ojo, F.E.; Alli, O.I.; Adeyemi, K.D.; Akinjuku, J.O.An experiment was conducted to evaluate the haematology and serum biochemistry of exotic and improved local chicks fed different diluted diets at early age (0 – 4 weeks). Two hundred (200) day old chicks (exotic and improved local genotype) were used for this study. The chicks were wing tagged and grouped at random based on genotypes to four dietary treatments. The diets were; commercial diets (CD) as Control, CD + 20% wheat offal (CDW), CD + 20% palm kernel cake (CDP) and CD + 20% processed baobab seed meal (CDB). At four weeks of age, blood samples were taken from the chicks for serum and haematological assay. The results indicated that packed cell volume, white blood cell, red blood cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil were similar (p < 0.05) irrespective of the chicks’ genotype and across the dietary treatments. Significant (p < 0.05) variations existed in haemoglobin value between the strains and across the dietary treatment (2.45 to 8.80 x 106g/dl-1). Alanine aminotransferase and uric acid were not significantly influenced (p> 0.05) by genotypes and diets, but glucose, protein, albumin, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and triglycerol significantly (p < 0.05) varied. Dilution of chicks’ diets should be discouraged because it had a significant negative effect on haemoglobin and caused significant variations in chicks serum chemistry.Item Efficacy of Carcass Electrical Stimulation in Meat Quality Enhancement: A Review(Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies., 2014) Adeyemi, K.D.; Sazili, A.QThe use of electrical stimulation (ES) as a management tool to improve meat quality and efficiency of meat processing is reviewed. The basis of the efficacy of ES is its ability to fast track postmortem glycolysis, which in turn stimulates myriad histological, physical, biochemical, biophysical and physiological changes in the postmortem muscle. Electrical stimulation hastens the onset and resolution of rigor mortis thereby reducing processing time and labor and plays a vital role in improving meat tenderness and other meat quality traits. However, ES may have negative impacts on some meat quality traits such as color stability and water holding capacity in some animals. Electrical stimulation is not an end in itself. In order to achieve the desired benefits from its application, the technique must be properly used in conjunction with various intricate antemortem, perimortem and postmortem management practices. Despite extensive research on ES, the fundamental mechanisms and the appropriate commercial applications remained obscured. In addition, muscles differ in their response to ES. Thus, elementary knowledge of the various alterations with respect to muscle type is needed in order to optimize the effectiveness of ES in the improvement of meat qualityItem Fatty acid composition, cholesterol and antioxidant status of infrasprinatus muscle, liver and kidney of goats fed blend of Canola oil and palm oil(Taylor and Francis, 2016) Adeyemi, K.D.; Sabow, A.B; Ebrahimi, M; Samsuddin, A.A; Sazili, AQThe study assessed the lipid profile, cholesterol and antioxidant status of infraspinatus muscle, kidney and liver from goats supplemented with increasing levels of blend of 20% palm oil and 80% canola oil. Twenty-four Boer bucks were randomly assigned to diets containing 0, 4 and 8% oil blend, fed for 100 d and slaughtered. The tissues were subjected to 7 d postmortem storage at 4 C. Diet did not affect total lipid and cholesterol content in the tissues. The proportions of C14:0 in infraspinatus muscle and kidney, and C15:0 in all tissues were lower (p<0.05) while the proportion of C18:3n:3 was greater in supplemented goats than the control goats. Proportion of C18:1n-9 in infraspinatus muscle was higher (p<0.05) in goats fed oil blend than the control goats. The liver and the infraspinatus muscle of the control goats had higher C18:1 trans-10 but lower C18:1 trans-11 compared with those fed other diets. Diet had no effect on catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and the concentration of c and d-tocopherol and lipid oxidation in all tissues. The concentrations of a-tocopherol and total carotenoid were greater in the tissues of oil-fed goats compared with the control goats. Regardless of tissue, the catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were stable throughout storage. Lipid oxidative stability, glutathione peroxidase activity, tocopherol and carotenoid contents in the tissues decreased (p<0.05) as postmortem storage progressed. Dietary 20% palm oil and 80% canola oil blend modified the fatty acids in goat meat and offal without compromising their oxidative stability.Item Impact of chill storage on antioxidant status, lipid and protein oxidation, color, drip loss and fatty acids of semimembranosus muscle in goats(Taylor and Francis, 2016) Adeyemi, K.D.; Shittu, R. M; Sabow, A.B; Karim, R; Karsani, S.A; Sazili, AQThe study examined the effect of refrigerated storage on antioxidant activities, lipid and protein oxidation, fatty acids (FAs), drip loss and color of semimembranosus (SM) muscle from goats. Samples of SM were obtained from carcasses of 15 Boer bucks (7 months old; body weight, 32.18 ± 0.81 kg) subjected to an 8 d storage at 4°C. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were stable while carotenoid, tocopherol, water holding capacity and redness declined (P < 0.05) as storage progressed. Carbonyl content increased from 1.85 to 4.73 nmol/mg protein while thiol content reduced from 54.22 to 42.82 nmol/mg protein. The TBARS value increased from 0.2 to 0.8 mg MDA/kg. SDS-PAGE expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) decreased (P < 0.05) from 72.45 to 49.82 density/mm2 while actin reduced (P > 0.05) from 14.00 to 13.08 density/mm2. The concentrations of n-3 and n-6 FA decreased while the saturated FA increased over storage. Correlations (P < 0.05) were found between antioxidant vitamins and quality indicators of chevon.Item Influence of dietary supplementation of Crassocephalum crepidioides leaf on growth, immune status, caecal microbiota, and meat quality in broiler chickens(Springer Nature, 2021) Adeyemi, K.D.; Sola-Ojo, F.E.; Ajayi, F.B.; Isamot, H.O.; Lawal, M.O.The effect of dietary supplementation of Crassocephalum crepidioides leaf powder (CCLP) in comparison with oxytetracycline and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) on growth, caecal microbiota, immune status, blood chemistry, carcass traits, meat quality, and oxidative stability in broiler chickens was evaluated. Two hundred and eighty 1-day-old Arbor acre chicks were randomly assigned to a basal diet containing either no additive (control, CON), 400 ppm oxytetracycline + 150 ppm BHA (ANTIBIOX), 1000 ppm CCLP (CCLP-1), or 2000 ppm CCLP (CCLP-2) for 42 days. Each dietary group had seven replicates with ten birds per replicate. Supplemented birds had higher (P < 0.05) feed efficiency, hemoglobin, and hematocrit compared with the CON birds. Diet did not affect feed intake, body weight gain, splenic interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and serum IgM. The CCLP-2 birds had lower (P < 0.05) serum total and LDL cholesterol than did birds fed other treatments. Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli counts and serum IgG were higher in the CON birds than in the supplemented birds. The ANTIBIOX birds had lower (P < 0.05) Lactobacillus spp. count, and higher (P < 0.05) E. coli count compared with the CCLP-supplemented birds. Carcass, muscle pH, and cook loss were not affected by diet. The CON breast meat had higher drip loss and lower redness than did the breast meat of the supplemented birds. Carbonyl content and TBARS value in the thigh and breast meat of the supplemented birds were lower (P < 0.05) than those of the CON birds. These results infer that CCLP exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that were comparable to those of BHA and oxytetracycline in the diet of broiler chickens.Item Investigation of the toxicity levels of supplemental dietary DL-methionine for poultry in a tropical environment(Society of Animal Production, Department of livestock and Avian Science, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, 2014) Annongu, A.A.; Karim, O.R.; Sola-Ojo, F.E.; Kayode, R.M.O.; Adeyemi, K.D.The study investigated the effect of supplementing dietary methionine on growth performance, serum biochemistry and liver histology in cockerels. A total of three hundred 1 day- old cockerel chicks were randomly assigned to diets containing 0.10, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45 or 0.55% of dietary methionine in a completely randomized design and fed for six weeks. Feed intake, weight gain, survival rate, serum cholesterol, transaminase activities and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values and liver histology were determined. The result showed that feed intake and growth rate decreased with increasing level of dietary methionine although not significant (p> 0.05), while survival rate was 100% regardless of dietary treatments. Birds fed 0.10, 0.25 and 0.35% methionine had significantly higher (p< 0.05) weight gain, feed efficiency and HDL cholesterol but lower (p<0.05) LDL cholesterol and TBARS values than those fed 0.45 and 0.55% methionine. The activities of gamma glutamyl transaminase (GGT) and alanine transaminase (ALT) was significantly higher in birds fed 0.10 and 0.25 than 0.35, 0.45 and 0.55% methionine while aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity decrease significantly (p< 0.05) with increasing levels of methionine. Normal hepatic architecture was observed in liver of birds fed 0.10 and 0.25% methionine while those fed higher levels had distorted hepatic architecture, the severity of which increased with increasing levels of methionine. Thus, inclusion of supplemented dietary methionine above 0.25% is likely to create health hazards in poultry in a tropical environment like Nigeria.Item Molecular Sexing and Taxonomic classification of Nigerian Guinea Fowl using Chromo Helicase DNA Binding Gene and 12S mitochondrial rRNA gene.(The Korean Society of Animal Breeding and Genomics., 2021) Sola-Ojo, F.E.; Afolabi-Balogun, N.B.; Adeniyi, C.A.; Adeyemi, K.D.; Ayorinde, K.L.; Alli, O.I.; Oni, O.A.; Okeke, C.U.; Momoh, E.O.; Adewara, J.; Abdulkareem, I.Sexing of birds at early age is very important for efficient selection and breeding; while characterization and taxonomic identification is relevant in conservation of birds’ genetic resources. This study used the genomic DNA of ten (10) guinea fowl keets to determine their sex using agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing with chromo helicase DNA (CHD) binding genes, they were also characterize taxonomically using 12S rRNA mitochondria genes. The results of this study shows a double band (ZW) for females and a single band (W) for males under Agarose gel electrophoresis view, the Guinea fowl keets sequenced showed some deletions and were closer to Gallus_CHD12 in the phylogenetic tree. The Taxonomic classification result shows that the sequenced guineafowl keets were most related to the Numida meleagris 12S mitochondrial ribosomal RNA. This study corroborate the fact sex of guineafowl keet can be easily identified at genomic DNA level and they can be characterized taxonomically using the 12SrRNA mitochondrial genes.Item Performance and Hematology indices of Broiler Chickens fed Mono-Culture Fungal Fermented Mango (Mangifera indica) Kernel Cake.(Published by Society of Animal Science, Department of Livestock & Avian Science, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka., 2013) Kayode, R.M.O.; Ojiako, F.A.; Ogundun, N.J.; Annongu, A.A.; Abdulsalam, K.O.; Adeyemi, K.D.A 4-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing maize with different mono-culture fungal fermented Mango kernel Cake at 20% inclusion level on performance and hematology indices in starter broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty 1day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to six treatment groups of 60 chicks each in a completely randomized design. The treatments were the Control, Unfermented mango kernel cake (UMKC), Rhizopus oligosporus fermented mango kernel cake (Ro), Aspergillus niger fermented mango kernel cake (An), Rhizopus stolonifer fermented Mango kernel cake (Rs) and Penicillium chrysogenum fermented mango kernel cake (Pc). The highest total body weight gain of 494.45g was observed with birds fed control diet which was not significantly (p> 0.05) different from birds fed diets Ro (469.66g), An (483.92g) and Pc (492.52g) but differ (p< 0.05) from UMKC (408.04g). Birds fed Pc diet had higher feed intake that was significantly (p< 0.05) different from other treatments. Birds fed UMKC had a significantly lower protein, fibre and ash retention and lower feed efficiency than other treatments. However, fat retention does not differ (p> 0.05) among treatments. The hematological parameters of the birds fed different diets were within normal range except the values of PCV (16.00%) obtained for the birds fed UMKC which was significantly lower (p< 0.05) than other treatments. Fungi fermented mango kernel cake could be used to replace maize in diet of broiler starter without deleterious effects on performance, nutrient retention and hematological indices.