Browsing by Author "Adeyemi, Adesoji Akinwumi"
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Item Assessment of High Conservation Values (HCVs) in Okomu Oil Palm Company Main Estate, Okomu-Udo, Ovia South-West(Foremost Development Services Limited, 2017-09-15) Adeyemi, Adesoji Akinwumi; Edet, Daniel Ibiang; Olanigan, Ahmed; Akachukwu, Caroline; Adebayo, Ebenezer Temitope; Egwumah, Francis Attah; Okere, Henry; Ibeh, UkamThis report contained the findings from the HCV assessment at Okomu Oil Palm Company Main Estate in Okomu-Udo, Ovia South-west of Edo State, Nigeria. It involved identification of HCVs and potential HCVs in different locations and land-uses within the estate, whose existence could be negatively impacted by current and future operations of the company as well as other external forces or anthropogenic activities. Threats and potential threats to the HCVs were also identified. The ssessment processes included the pre-assessment phase and full HCV assessment. The pre-assessment involved activities such as desk and web-based research, review of documents and licensed areas and a scoping exercise. The full HCV assessment were much more detailed, including botanical, faunal and iscthyofaunal surveys, community and stakeholder consultations as well as participatory mapping. The findings revealed that only four HCVs were presents within the concession. These were HCVs 1, 3, 4 and HCV 6. The HCV 1 included the impressive population of vulnerable, near threatened and critically endangered tree species in the riparian forests and wetlands within the assessment area. In total, 96 and 13 tree species were identified in the riparian forests and wetland, respectively. There were twenty-four (24) fauna species including four IUCN-classified vulnerable species (red-capped mangabey, Cercocebus torquatus; endemic white-throated monkey, Cercopithecus erythrogaster; tree pangolin, Manis tricuspis and Home‟s hinged tortoise, Kinixys homeana) present in the concession. Forty-four (44) bird species in 24 families, two and one of which were IUCN-Red listed as vulnerable (i.e. Yellow-casqued hornbill, Ceratogymna elata and African grey parrot, Psittacus erithacus) and Near threatened (i.e. Stream warbler, Bathmocercus cerviniventris), respectively. Two of the riparian forests in the assessment area are fairly large in extent considering the disappearance rates of Nigerian forest estates. . The riparian forests harbour an impressive population of economically-important tree species that are very rare on a national scale, and unavailable in most of the reserves or other protected natural habitats. The wetlands are also unique in their right for attracting viable populations of important bird species and other faunas. Due to high deforestation rates and the increasing area under cultivation, lowland swamp forests with natural species composition are rare in Nigeria. Therefore, any significant area of good quality lowland forest and wetlands would almost certainly qualify as HCV. Hence, the justification for the presence of HCV 3 in the area. The Okomu River in the southern boundary and its tributaries constitute the HCV 4 because they are important sources of water and fishing for some communities, especially the Ijaws. In addition, the five wetlands in the assessment area are important ecosystems, providing refuges for unique species of avifauna. Within the assessment area, a „Life Tree‟ (Newbouldia laevis) considered to be HCV 6 is present. The shrine is worshipped by Udo community, and is currently contained in a short fence but its presence within the workers‟ abode and close to daily operations exposes it to the risk of possible desecration. Field verifications and confirmation during community consultations revealed indicators of some threats in form of wildlife hunting through trapping and firearm. Although, there were no logging signs observed, there are possibility in the future considering the richness of the riparian forests coupled with the current high rates of forest disappearance in Edo State. Therefore, strict enforcement of hunting ban in all the riparian and wetlands are recommended. The company should explore the possibilities of having a MoU with Okomu National Park for joint monitoring of important (IUCN red listed) faunal species within the forest. All riparian forest areas must be excluded from conversion or development activities. Furthermore, application of agrochemicals in riparian forests, and within the vicinity of wetlands should be avoided. The company should also endeavour to prepare HCV management plan, which will accommodate management of the shrine (HCV 6) in the assessment area.Item Assessment of Tree species in the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria(Forest Forest Products Society, 2012-05-05) Adeyemi, Adesoji Akinwumi; Adesoye, Peter OluremiSustainable tree and/or forest management require information on the growing stock. Such information guides the resource manager in appropriate valuation and efficient utilization of the resources. However, where the objective of management is not timber production, little or no emphasis has been placed on the adequate assessment of the growing stock. For timber production, estimates of the growing stock are often expressed in terms of timber volume, which can be estimated from measurable characteristics of the trees. This study assessed the yield, diversity and abundance of tree species in the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Total enumeration of all the tree species in the faculty was carried out. Tree species diversity, stem volume and the relationships among growth variables were investigated. All the trees encountered were grouped into species, diameter and height classes and their basal area and tree stem volume were computed. Stem volume equations were developed for the tree species in the area. The variables used for the equations consisted of basal area; diameters at breast height, merchantable height, crown length and tree total height. The species were distributed among 14 genera and 8 families. Eucalyptus camadulensis had the highest population of trees in the study area. The family Myrtaceae has the highest number of observation (32.7%) with only one species belonging to the group. This is followed by the Papilionaceae (12.7%) with five species. The third in the series being the families of Meliaceae and Verbenaceae with 12.7% each of the species encountered in the study area. The family of Caesalpiniaceae had 9.1% of the total observations while Bignoniaceae, Pinaceae and Sapindaceae had 1.8% each. The diameters at breast height (Dbh) ranged between 14.0cm and 128.2cm while tree total height ranged between 7.0m and 30.5m. About 33% of the tree species falls into the middle diameter class (40-60cm). This is followed by the diameter class 60-80cm with about 24%. The diameter class 20-40cm was made up of about 22%. The fifth diameter class (>80.0m) ranked fourth, with about 18% of tree frequency in the study area. The least represented diameter class is 0-20cm with 3.6% of the species encountered in the study area. The best volume equation obtained was (R2 = 95.4%; SEE = 0.3). All the models generated are adequate and are recommended for stand volume assessment in the study area.Item Conservation Areas Monitoring at Ubima and Elele Estates of Siat Nigeria Limited(Siat Nigeria Limited, Ubima Estate, Km 6, Elele-Owerri Road, Ikwere LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria, 2022-12-22) Adeyemi, Adesoji Akinwumi; Egwumah, Francis AttahItem Early Growth Performance of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq. R.Br.) Benth under Different Growth Conditions(Forestry Association of Nigeria, 2022-11-26) Adeyemi, Adesoji Akinwumi; Kelani, Moridiya OmoladeThe study involved evaluation of the effects of different growing conditions on the early performance of Parkia biglobosa seedlings. The study was carried out at the Department of Agronomy Nursery, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin. The experiment was laid out in a 3 × 4 factorial in a completely randomized design with sowing medium and manure as the two factors, and watering regime in a completely randomized design. The sowing media were top-soil, sawdust and river sand. The manures were cowdung, water hyacinth, mixture of water hyacinth and cowdung and control. The seedlings were watered in the morning, morning and evening, every other-day. Twelve trays were used for each treatment, making 36 trays for the study. Twenty seeds were sown in each tray making 240 seeds per sowing medium. The seedlings were pricked-out and potted using 16.3 by 8 cm polythene pots. Eight weeks after germination, height, collar diameter, leaf number and leaf area were measured before seedlings were potted. Second readings were taken on growth parameters after stabilizing, and manures were applied. They were left to grow for 14 weeks, after which third readings were. The result revealed that there were no significant differences in mean germination percentages among the watering regimes (P>0.05. For those watered in the morning and evening, top-soil was highest (23.8%) in seedling emergence with sawdust as the least (5%). In every other day, top-soil and sawdust had the highest seedling emergence (21.3%) each, while river sand had the least (8.8%). With respect to morning, river sand had the highest seedling emergence (31.3%), followed by sawdust (30%) with topsoil as the least (28.8%). There were no significant differences among the mean seedling heights under different sowing medium and manure (P˃0.05). Similarly, the interaction effect between sowing medium and manure was not significant (P˃0.05). Sowing medium and manure had no significant effects on leaf numbers (P˃0.05). Also, the interaction between the two factors was not significant (P ˃ 0.05). However, the effects of the two factors were significant on collar diameter (P<0.05) while the interactions was not. Follow-up test (LSD) results showed that seedling collar diameters are similar for sawdust and river sand, but differed between sawdust and topsoil also between river sand and topsoil with the highest mean of 0.49 ± 0.15 cm recorded in topsoil, and least in sawdust (0.29 ± 0.29 cm). There were no significant differences in mean collar diameters among the manures but they were significantly different from the control. The result further revealed that there were no significant differences among the mean leaf areas under different sowing media and manure just as the interaction of the two factors (P˃0.05). Parkia biglobosa is a slow-growing species, which may make the various treatments effect not to have been fully expressed at the expiration of the study. Therefore, it is recommended to make further observations at field stage.Item Evaluation of Fuel-wood Extraction and Consumption Patterns in Imo State, Nigeria(Forestry Association of Nigeria, 2016-03-07) Adeyemi, Adesoji AkinwumiThe study evaluated the patterns of fuel-wood utilization in Imo State. The three agro-ecological zones (Orlu, Owerri and Okigwe) of the state were covered through a multistage sampling procedure. Three local government areas (LGAs) were selected in each of the zones. A total of 9 LGAs were sampled. Two-hundred and seventy (270) copies of semi-structured questionnaire were administered on households in the selected LGAs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result revealed that the most active gatherers and consumers of fuel-wood were between the ages of 31 and 40 years. Fuel-woods were consumed directly by up to 82.5% of the respondents, while 16.7% of them utilized fuel-woods for income generations. About 47%, 14%, 11%, 4% and 24% of the respondents in the area sourced fuel-woods from natural forests, plantation, fallow lands, farmlands/home gardens and through purchases respectively. The percentage contributions of fuel-wood to daily domestic cooking were between 62 and 93, with Obowo and Orlu LGAs having the highest and least respectively. However, the mean daily consumption was highest in Okigwe LGA and least Onuimo LGA. The result revealed that household size and cost did not have positive relationships with the mean daily consumption in the area. Nevertheless, daily utilization affects the overall contribution of fuel-wood to domestic energy consumption in positive terms.Item High conservation values (HCVs) and conservation areas monitoring in Obaretin, Ologbo, Cowan and Sakponba Estates(Presco Plc., Edo State, Nigeria, 2018-07-30) Adeyemi, Adesoji Akinwumi; Edet, Daniel IbiangItem Patterns of firewood exploitation and utilization in peri-urban and rural areas of Owerri Zone in southern Nigeria(Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uyo, Nigeria, 2014-09-30) Adeyemi, Adesoji Akinwumi; Ibe, Anthony ElokaA study was conducted to assess the firewood extraction and utilization patterns in two local government areas of Owerri zone, Imo State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for sites selection based on the prominence and prevalence of firewood extraction and utilization in the areas. Five communities each were chosen from the two local government areas. Both primary and secondary data collections were made. The primary data collection involved the use of a well-structured questionnaire, and the secondary data were obtained from National Bureau of Statistics’ Annual Abstract of Statistics. The third part of data collection involved the measurement of the amount of firewood collected by individual using a weighing balance. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test of significance. The result indicated that majority of the firewood exploiters were women, who are above forty years of age. The major sources of firewood in the area remain natural forests with only a fraction exploited from the farm/fallow lands. There was no established fuel-wood plantation in the area, and plan to establish such appears non-existent. The species mostly extracted are Acioa barteri, Alconia cordifolia, Anthonatha macrophylum, Dialium guinense, Harungana madagascariensis, Macaranga barterii, Milicia excelsa and Pentaclethra macrophylla, with preference for Acioa barteri, Dialium guinense and Pentaclethra macrophylla due to their low moisture contents and ability to burn faster and efficiently. Firewood was exploited in both farming and off-farming seasons at varied degrees with most exploitation done in the off-farming season. Firewood was found to be more expensive during farming season. The most expensive species are Dialium guinense, Macaranga barterii and Pentaclethra macrophylla, which are sold for N18.18 each during the farming season, and N13.64 kg-1, N15.21 kg-1 and N15.21 kg-1 respectively in the off farming season. The result revealed that the average per capita firewood consumptions were 1.83±1.62 kg day-1 and 2.15±0.94 kgday-1 in Owerri North and West Local Government Areas respectively. The study shows that the patterns of exploitation and utilization in the area are not sustainable. It is therefore recommended that a strategy be put in place to ensure adequate replenishment to avoid over-exploitation, deforestation and environmental degradation.Item Stem distributions and height-diameter allometries for two species of Irvingiaceae (Exell and Mendonça) in a tropical moist forest of southern Nigeria(Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uyo, Nigeria, 2013-12-10) Adeyemi, Adesoji Akinwumi; Jimoh, Saka OladunniThe study investigated stem distributions and height-diameter relationships of two Irvingiaceae species in Oban Forest, Cross River State, Nigeria with a view to suggesting appropriate management strategies for their conservation in the area. Using systematic sampling technique, six 2km-transect was cut in each of the primary and secondary forests in the area. Four 50m×50m plots were laid alternately along each transect. Thus, twenty-four plots were used in each of the two forest types, making a total of 48 sample plots for the study. On each of the sample plots, Irvingia wombulu and Klainedoxa gabonensis were identified and their growth parameters measured on the trees with DBH≥10cm. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result reveals that there were average of 3 and 4 I. wombulu and K. gabonensis stems/ha respectively in the area. About 47% of I. wombulu fell in the height class 10-20m, about 36% of K. gabonensis fell in the height class 21-30m. Both species have fewer stems in the height class of >40m. Tree diameter distributions reveal that about 33% of I. wombulu were in the class 10-39cm. Only 16% of K. gabonensis belong to this class. About 20% of K. gabonensis encountered fell in the diameter class ≥100cm. There were significant differences between most of the tree growth parameters for the two species. However, the species were found to exhibit similar growth patterns in the two forest types. All the height diameter models presented in the study were significant. In all I. wombulu gave better models than the K. gabonensis, going by their modelling efficiencies and tests of bias. The models were therefore recommended for predictions in the study area.Item Tree slenderness coefficients and crown ratio models for Gmelina arborea (Roxb) stand in Afi River Forest Reserve, Cross River State, Nigeria(Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uyo, Nigeria, 2017-03-24) Adeyemi, Adesoji Akinwumi; Ugo-Mbonu, Nnemaka AmeliaTree slenderness coefficient (SC) and crown ratio (CR) have been viewed as major attributes considered most efficient in determining health status of a forest. Hitherto, there is dearth of information on growth characteristics of Gmelina arborea plantation in Afi River Forest Reserve (ARFR), and there was no documented information on health status of the plantation. Therefore, we assessed health and stability of Bateriko Gmelina Plantation within ARFR in Cross River State. Simple random sampling technique was adopted for plot location. Thirty-four (34) sample plots of size 25 × 25 m were used. Tree growth variables including diameter at breast height (Dbh); total height (THT); merchantable height (MHT); stem quality (SQ), crown length (CL) and crown diameter (CD) were measured on all trees with Dbh ≥10 cm to compute CR, SC, basal area (BA) and stem volume (SV). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The fitted models were evaluated using significance of regression, co-efficient of determination (R2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE). Model validation was achieved using t-test and mean bias. The results revealed that the mean Dbh (39.35±8.91 cm) was lower than the stipulated minimum for timber in Nigeria. However, the mean BA (74.61±12.74 m2 /ha) was far more than 24 m2 /ha suggested for a well-stocked forest in Nigeria. Most (78.8%) of the stems/ha had low to moderate SC, indicating that most of trees in the plantation were less susceptibility to damage. The best CR model was lnCR = -1.81 - 0.708lnSQ2 + 0.993lnSC + 3.497BA having R2; RMSE and bias values of 0.59, 0.3138, and -0.01±0.08, respectively. For this model, the mean observed and the predicted CR values were not significantly different (P>0.05). Therefore, it is recommended for CR prediction in the study area.