Browsing by Author "Adeniran, J.A."
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Item Air quality impact of diesel back-up generators (BUGs) in Nigeria’s mobile telecommunication base transceiver stations (BTS)(Emerald Insight, UK, 2017) Adeniran, J.A.; Yusuf, R.O.; Amole, M.O.; Jimoda, L.A.; Sonibare, J.A.Purpose – The introduction of mobile telecommunication services in Nigeria led to the development of base transceiver stations (BTS) across the country. Inadequate power supply from the national grid has led to massive use of diesel-fueled back-up generators (BUGs). The purpose of this paper is to attempt to quantify and inform relevant stakeholders about air quality implications of BTS BUGs. Design/methodology/approach – Seven major telecommunication network operators were identified. Emission factor approach was used to estimate the quantity of important air pollutants such as NOx, CO, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, PAH and TVOC that are emitted from the use of the BUGs based on fuel consumption rate and generators’ capacity. Fuel-based emission inventory and emission factor from the United States Environmental Protection Agency AP-42 and National Pollution Inventory were used to estimate pollutants emission from diesel-powered generators used in the BTS sites and amount of diesel consumed. Land distribution and per capita dose of the estimated pollutants load were calculated. Findings – The study showed that the deployment of BUGs will lead to increase emissions of these air pollutants. The states that are most affected are Lagos, Kano and Oyo, Katsina and Akwa Ibom states with respective total air pollutants contribution of 9,539.61, 9,445.34, 8,276.46, 7,805.14 and 7,220.70 tonnes/yr. Originality/value – This study has estimated pollutant emissions from the use of diesel-fueled BUGs in mobile telecommunications BTS sites in Nigeria. The data obtained could assist in policy making.Item Analytical modeling of human exposure from short-term point source releases of aerosols from household spray products(Taylor and Francis, 2018) Adeniran, J.A.; Araromi, D.O.; Yusuf, R.O.; Oke, E.O.; Sonibare, J.A.Indoor air measurements of aerosols emitted from the use of household spray products are expensive and time-consuming. An analytical model was developed and incorporated into a graphical user interface to quantify exposure as a function of distance and time. The model considered point source dispersion with reflection from a wall and aerosol concentration decay due to air exchange rate and deposition. Aerosol concentration decreased with respect to increase in time and distance from the release point. There was no significant difference between the developed model and experimental results. The developed model could be used to adequately predict indoor human exposure to aerosols as a function of distance and time.Item Enhanced bioremediation of soil artificially contaminated with crude oil using Box – Behnken experimental design(National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe, 2016) Eletta, O.A.A.; Adeniran, J.A.; Buari, M.Z.Introduction of toxic substances from anthropogenic activities in the environment has associated pollution and adverse human health impacts. Oil spills and accidental discharges from oil and gas operations are typical examples that are sequestered by soil which serves as the sink. The study evaluates the effects of process variables on the degradation of crude oil in contaminated soils. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to evaluate and optimise the effects of NPK fertilizer (0.5 - 3.0 g), amount of inoculum (5 – 20 ml) and the degradation time (24 – 72 hr) on the percentage degradation of crude oil in the contaminated soil. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used for this ex situ bioremediation study while the statistical design expert program (version 9.0.2) was used for the experimental design and data analysis. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the model of the percentage degradation of crude oil in terms of the three factors was 0.99 while the optimum percentage crude oil degradation of 73.88 % was obtained when volume of inoculum, mass of NPK and degradation time were 12.50 ml, 3.00 g and 72.00 hr, respectively. Results obtained from the study can serve as guide for relevant stakeholders and regulatory agencies in the oil and gas industry in choosing good process parameters to achieve a better degradation of crude oil in contaminated sites.Item Exposure to coarse and fine particulate matter at and around major intra-urban traffic intersections of Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria(Elsevier, 2017) Adeniran, J.A.; Yusuf, R.O.; Olajire, A.A.This study aims to determine the seasonal variations and composition of suspended particulate matter in different sizes PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10 and the total suspended particles (TSP) emitted at major intra-urban traffic intersections (TIs) of Ilorin metropolis. The concentration levels of PM (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10) obtained at the TIs during the rush hours (45.1, 77.9, and 513 mg/m3) are higher than the levels obtained for the non-rush hour periods (42.3, 62.7, and 390 mg/m3). The average on-road respiratory deposition dose (RDD) rates of PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 during the dry period at TIs types was found to be about 24%, 9% and 25% higher than those obtained during the wet period. Based on EF values calculated, Pb and Zn were anthropogenically-derived while Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu and Mg were of crustal source. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied to a set of PM data in order to determine the contribution of different sources. It was found that the main principal factors extracted from particulate emission data were related to exhaust and non-exhaust emissions such as tyre wears, oil and fuel combustion sources.Item Exposure to total volatile organic compounds from household spray products(Kaunas University of Technology, 2017) Adeniran, J.A.; Yusuf, R.O.; Mustapha, S.I.; Sonibare, J.A.Emission of volatile organic compounds from the use of household spray products has a negative impact on health and environment. Total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentration levels emitted from 45 registered consumer spray products in Nigeria were measured using the MultiRAE TVOCs gas monitor. Human exposure to emitted TVOCs through inhalation, ingestion or through the dermal route was evaluated using the ConsExpo spray model. The average TVOCs emission from all the investigated samples was in the range of 1,664 and 560,994.7 μg m-3 with an average of 63,632.2 μg m-3. Generally for all the samples considered, the average released concentrations, the inhaled doses, the dermal doses, and the average deposition rates values obtained were in the ranges of 1.83E+04 – 1.00E+06 μg m-3; 1.47E+03 – 8.01E+04 μg; 3.41E+04 – 4.84E+05 μg; and 1.79E+01 – 1.01E+03 μg s-1, respectively. The results provide information that could be used to significantly improve human exposure and risk assessment to emitted aerosols from spray products.Item Ground level Concentration of some air pollutants from Nigeria thermal power plants(Taylor and Francis, 2016) Adesanmi, A.J.; Adeniran, J.A.; Fakinle, B.S.; Jimoda, L.A.; Yusuf, R.O.; Sonibare, J.A.Power sector in Nigeria is undergoing structural reforms aimed at improving and expanding the current generation capacity, using thermal power plants. Ground level concentrations of air pollutants emitted from natural gas-powered thermal power plants were estimated using the American Meteorological Society-Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD). The average 24-h ground level concentrations of CO, NOx, SO2, particulate matter (PM), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were 31.88–72.79; 61.33–104; 0.61–3.91; 0.21–1.52; and 0.19–1.09 ìg/m3, respectively. There is need for continuous monitoring of ground level concentration of pollutants around the thermal power plants to guarantee the safety of the environment in the host communities.Item Kinetics and neuro-fuzzy soft computing modelling of river turbid water coag-flocculation using mango (Mangifera indica) kernel coagulant(2018) Oke, E.O.; Araromi, D.O.; Jimoda, L.A.; Adeniran, J.A.This study investigates kinetics and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Modeling (ANFM) of river turbid water coagulation-flocculation (CF) process using mango kernel coagulant (MKC). CF experiments were performed using jar test apparatus and the process kinetic-transport parameters (coagulation rate constant, half-life time, and particle diffusivity) were determined using kinetic- transport models. Grid-partitioning neuro-fuzzy programming codes were written and implemented in Matlab 9.2 software environment for the development of neuro-fuzzy architecture. The ANFM input data include initial water pH, initial water turbidity, biocoagulant dosage, CF time, and turbidity removal percentage (TRP) as output data. Generalized bell membership function was optimally selected for fuzzification of input variables and a hybrid algorithm was considered for the learning method of input-output data with constant output membership type. The minimum turbidity (0.51 NTU) of treated water was achieved at pH 12 and coagulant dosage of 2.5mg/L with coagulation rate constant, half-life (t1/2) and particle diffusivity 0.0194 s 1, 10.01 min, and 7.267 10 14 m2/s, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R2) between the experimental and neuro-fuzzy predicted values was 0.9924 and the ratio (K) of training error to testing error was 0.68. Thus, this study shows that ANFM can be used as a reliable tool for modeling river water CF and kinetic-transport parameter results are useful in process design, optimization, and control.Item Life cycle Assessment of a Petroleum Contaminated Soils Thermal Desorption Unit(Journal of Experimental Research. Published by Enugu State University of Science & Technology, 2020) Adeniran, J.A.; Mustapha, S.I; Yusuf, R.O; Baruwa, M.OEnvironmental issues involving the oil and gas industry have been growing in awareness; therefore high priority is given to waste handling and disposal. Although the thermal desorption unit (TDU) is meant to reduce the environmental damage of the waste from oil industries, it may also contribute to the damage. A way of putting this to check is by taking the life cycle assessment of the operation. This study presents the environmental impact assessment using a gate-to-gate approach of a thermal desorption unit in Nigeria, analyzed following ISO 14040 standards. GaBi software obtained from PE international was used to carry out the analysis with the management of 46,541,880kg of the waste mix for a period of 365 days considering the worstcase scenario as the functional unit. The results showed the fossil depletion is about 2,516,253 kg of oil equivalent, water depletion is 0.883 m and particles to air is close to 35% of the particles generated. Weak point analysis to show the unit with the greatest impact on the environment was also estimated by GaBi. This study proves that operation of a TDU can be certified eco-friendly.Item Life cycle engineering case study: sulphuric acid production(Malaysian Technical Universities Network (MTUN), Malaysia, 2017) Adeniran, J.A.; Yusuf, R.O.; Adetoro, M.A.Sulphuric acid is an essential basic chemical in the world. This chemical is used in different industries, and is mainly sold as intermediates applied in a range of products. This study investigated the life cycle assessment of sulphuric acid production in commercial scale in Nigeria by identifying the processes that contribute significantly to the hotspots and the impact the product has on climate change. The data gathered for the study represents operations at a major plant in Nigeria. System boundaries were established using a cradle to gate approach, based on primary data from the plant. Secondary data was obtained from the US database. Sulphuric acid plant process simulation was done using Aspen HYSYS 2006-aspen ONE from ASPENTECH. GaBi life cycle assessment (LCA) software, (PE International) was used to evaluate the environmental impact of the process. The work was done in accordance with ISO 14040 series LCA standards. The weak point analysis identified the raw material stages as areas of weakness in the sulphuric acid model. The assessment in this study identified the raw material stage; elemental sulphur at plant as the main contributor to the carbon footprint with emission to air amounting to 4 x107kg. The total CO2 emission the sulphuric acid model is 1.24 x107 kg with approximately 0.66% direct emission from fuel combustion in the plant. The opportunity for improvement in terms of emission reduction is in reduction of energy consumed by replacing fossil based material with bio-based material. An advantage of this study is that the methodology applied can serve as a means for determining the carbon footprint of other sulphuric products. This study has shown that life cycle assessment has a potential to identify hotspots of a product to find strategies to sustain the environment.Item Modeling of an activated carbon sludge process for effluent prediction – a comparative study using ANFIS and GLM regression(Springer, 2018) Araromi, D.O.; Majekodunmi, O.T.; Adeniran, J.A.; Salawudeen, T.O.In this paper, nonlinear system identification of the activated sludge process in an industrial wastewater treatment plant was completed using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and generalized linear model (GLM) regression. Predictive models of the effluent chemical and 5-day biochemical oxygen demands were developed from measured past inputs and outputs. From a set of candidates, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and a fuzzy brute-force search were utilized in selecting the best combination of regressors for the GLMs and ANFIS models respectively. Root mean square error (RMSE) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R-value) served as metrics in assessing the predicting performance of the models. Contrasted with the GLM predictions, the obtained modeling results show that the ANFIS models provide better predictions of the studied effluent variables. The results of the empirical search for the dominant regressors indicate the models have an enormous potential in the estimation of the time lag before a desired effluent quality can be realized, and preempting process disturbances. Hence, the models can be used in developing a software tool that will facilitate the effective management of the treatment operation.Item Modelling of gaseous pollutant emissions from savannah vegetation fires(Published by the Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers., 2023) Abdulraheem, K. A.; Adeniran, J.A.; Aremu, A.SThe concentration and transport dynamics of emissions during savannah vegetation fires are not wellunderstood. This study aims at modelling the ground level concentrations (GLC) of gaseous pollutants on the receptor environment using the American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD). Three (3) scenarios were investigated based on the vegetation density of the savannah grasses. The model revealed that the 24-hour averaging period for CO, NO2, SO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOC) ranged from 50 – 5,046 µg/m3; 0.049 – 4.97 µg/m3; 0.6 - 55.9 µg/m3 and 63 – 6,253 µg/m3 for Scenario 1; 288 – 28,825 µg/m3; 0.08 – 8.31 µg/m3; 2 – 203 µg/m3 and 65 – 6,498 µg/m3 for Scenario 2; 394 and 39,435 µg/m3; 0.2 and 22.3 µg/m3; 4 – 419 µg/m3; and 118 - 11,782 µg/m3 for Scenario 3, respectively. The study revealed that the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of 4 mg/m3 for the 24-hour concentration of CO was breached under Scenarios 2 and 3 by 150%. The findings of this study will help in the accurate estimation of emissions from the savannah fires and in the development of appropriate mitigation strategies for emission control. Keywords: Ground level concentrations; gaseous pollutants; modelling; emissions.Item Noise Impact Assessment of Thermal Plant Facilities on Receptor Environment(Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 2019) Olu-Arotiowa, O.A.; Adeniran, J.A.; Yusuf, R.O.; Abdulraheem M.O.; Aremu, A.S.,Noise pollution is considered as a serious environmental nuisance in the urban areas. This study has used the VDI code 2714 to investigate the impacts of the noise from all the power generation and ancilliary facilities in the proposed Independent Power Plant, Agbara, Ogun State receptor environment. Kriging interpolation method in SurferR 8.0 software to predict noise emission levels within the fence line of the proposed Independent Power Plant. Calculations of possible noise levels at some receptors locations around the plant were carried out using the VDI code 2714. Four operation scenarios were considered in this study. The scenarios considered include: Noise emission from power generation facilities only (Scenario 1); Noise from the use of Compressors and Transformers (Scenario 2); Noise emission from the operation of power generation and ancillary equipment (Scenario 3); and Noise emission from the use of Backup Generators (Scenario 4). The maximum noise from the four scenarios were 112.34, 114.58, 116.61 and 110.01 dB(A), respectively, which is above the 8-hour 90 dB(A) limit recommended by the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv). The operation of the proposed power plant will not have significant impact on the receptor environments except for Karogbaji which receives less than 12 dB(A) for the worst-case scenario (Scenario 3). The modeling results show that the predicted noise levels generated by the proposed operation would generally be within the established noise criteria at all the receptor locations under all conditions.Item Optimization and performance evaluation of environmentally friendly rocket composite propellant(Taylor and Francis, 2018) Gbadebo, O.A.; Adeniran, J.A.; Adesanmi, A.J.; Akeredolu, F.A.; Sonibare, J.A.This paper investigated the effects of laboratory synthesised rocket composite propellants’ formulations on propellant performance parameters using response surface methodology (RSM). For the sake of a safe environment, the propellant is made of chemical constituents that have less severe effects on air quality. Experimental measurements of propellant performance parameters were carried out using the ballistic evaluation method. The thrust generated during combustion, the burn time and the propellant combustion temperature were measured using a data acquisition facility equipped with a button load cell and a thermocouple. Specific impulse, density, temperature, characteristic velocity, molecular weight and heat ratio were computed from the measured parameters. The resulting optimum rocket composite propellant formulations were 65.1%, 18.1%, 9.1%, 3.6%, 2.2% and 1.9% for the oxidiser, binder, fuel, opacifier, burning rate enhancer and catalysts, respectively. The corresponding performance indices including specific impulse, propellant density, propellant temperature, propellant characteristic velocity, molecular weight and heat ratio were 122.03 s, 1697.08 kg m-3, 2025.07 K, 987.65 m s-1, 31.50 kg mol-1 and 1.02, respectively. Findings revealed the accuracy and the adequacy of RSM in analysing and optimising the effects of composite rocket propellant formulation on its performance parameters and also a step towards producing an environmentally friendly rocket composite propellant.Item Spatiotemporal distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons close to a typical medical waste incinerator(Springer, 2018) Adesina, O.A.; Sonibare, J.A.; Diagboya, P.N.; Adeniran, J.A.; Yusuf, R.O.hydrocarbons (PAHs) especially from incinerators occur subtly, and PAH contribution from this source is underestimated. However, as environmental PAH concentrations build up, this may be a serious concern around the incinerator vicinity due to the potential consequences of PAHs on ecosystems and human health. Thus, the contribution of selected (12) PAHs from the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital medical waste incinerator (or source, HWI_0) was determined by sampling stack gas and ambient air around incinerator vicinity from June 2014 to May 2015. Results showed that the 12 PAH source (HWI_0) concentrations were in the range of NA (for phenanthrene, pyrene, anthracene, benz[e]acephenanthrylene, and indeno[2,1- b]chromene) to 10.9 ng/m3 (pyrelene) and generally higher than the receptor points (hospital waste incinerators (HWIs)). The average total PAH concentrations per month at HWI_0 and the receptors—HWI_1, HWI_2, HWI_3,HWI_4 and HWI_5—were 73.0 ± 27.9, 60.4 ± 30.8, 42.5 ± 23.6, 38.7 ± 21.9, 35.0 ± 27.2, and 39.2 ± 22.9 ng/m3, respectively. These results and multivariate receptor model analysis indicated high correlations between source PAH contributions and the receptor points. The PAH concentrations in the dry season were higher than the wet season suggesting that hydrological condition affects ambient PAH concentrations. The average PAH concentrations in the HWIs as well as the cumulative exposure concentrations observed throughout the period are of major health concern because PAH concentrations detected are several times higher than both the European Union standard and the WHO guideline level.