Browsing by Author "Adekola, F.A."
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Item Batch Sorption of Ciprofloxacin on Kaolinitic Clay and nHematite Composite Equilibrium and Thermodynamics Studies(2016-01) Adekola, F.A.; Adegoke, H.I; Adebayo, G.B.; Abdulsalam, I.O.In this study nanoparticles of hematite and hematite-kaolin composite were prepared and characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopy analysis. The prepared materials were applied for the sorption of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) from aqueous solution. The effects of contact time, initial CIP concentration, pH and temperature were experimentally studied in batch mode to evaluate the adsorption capacity, kinetics, thermodynamics and equilibrium. Under the established experimental conditions the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 60 minutes and the optimum adsorption capacity attained was 16 x10-6 mol/g between pH of 5and 9 for hematite-kaolin composite. Ciprofloxacin uptake per unit mass was found to decrease with increase in adsorbent dosage. The adsorption process was found to be exothermic.The dynamic drug uptake data were applied to various kinetic models and their order of fitness was found to be Pseudo-second order >Elovich equation > Intra-particle diffusion > Pseudo-first order. It was found that the data fitted best with Temkin>Dubinin-Radushkevich>Freundlich> Langmuir, as indicated by their regression values.Item Chemical Hydration by Acid Leaching of a Brand of Cement in Nigerian Market(2011) Baba, A.A.; Adekola, F.A.; Shobande, O.E.; Ghosh, M. K.; Ayinla, K.I; Adebayo, S. A.In this wok, experiment on chemical hydration by acid leaching from a brand of cement in Nigerian market has been studied the physic-chemical characterization of the sample by inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) has been examined. The influence of acid concentration and system temperature on the dissolution rates has been investigated. The dissolution rates are greatly influenced by acid concentration and reaction temperature. The dissolution investigations gave rise to activation energy value of 26.3 kJ/mol, which affirmed the diffusion reaction mechanism. Also, about 4.13 s-1 and 0.98 were obtained as the system’s Arrhenius constant and reaction order for the dissolution process, respectively.Item CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION AND SPECTRO-ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A NATURAL AFRICAN MINERAL DYE(2007) Adebayo, G.B.; Adekola, F.A.; Olatunji, G.A.Chromatographic fractionation and spectroscopic characterization of a natural African mineral dye have been carried out. The chromatographic separation of the dyes made use of column and thin layer chromatographic techniques. Some physicochemical properties of thedye including solubility in polar and non-polar solvents, pH, ash and organic contents were determined. The spectro-analytical techniques used for characterization included energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Optical microscopy, infrared (IR) and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Four different fractions having colours yellow, grey, orange and purple were obtained from the chromatographic separation. All the fractions were found to contain aromatic nucleus based on IR and UV-VIS spectroscopic data. Other functional groups detected are Ar-NH2, -CONH2, C=C, C-C and metal-carbon chelate rings. The presence of aromatic amine in the dye provides strong evidence for its use as hair dye. The dye was found to be soluble in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. The pH of the dye’s aqueous solution was found to be 8.6, and the ash and organic content of the raw dye were 49% and 51% respectively. The XRF revealed that the dye contains twenty elements with concentrations ranging from major to ultratrace levels. The XRD also showed that the sample contains about forty-six mineral phases which include both inorganic and organic components. The maximum absorption wavelength (•max) in UV-VIS of the aqueous solution was found to be 464 nm. The optical microscopic investigation gave indication that the dyes are likely to be of the marine origin.Item Dissolution Kinetics Studies of Nigeria Gypsum Ore in Hydrochloric Acid(2018) Adekola, F.A.; Adebayo, I.O.; Baba, A.A; Adebayo, S.ADissolution kinetics studies of gypsum ore sourced from Postikum, Northern Nigeria, was conducted using hydrochloric acid as the leachant. The study was done with the aim of establishing possibility for the development of hydrometallurgical route for the production of highly pure gypsum. The effects of the experimental variables investigated were contact time, acid concentration, temperature, particles size and solid-liquid ration. The energy of activation of the dissolution reaction estimated from experimental data is 9.6kJ mol-1. Leaching in 6 M HCl solution, at temperature of 80oC, stirring speed of 400 rpm and using -90 + 63 µm particles size resulted in 99.7% dissolution of the ore within 120 min. The ore and the leached residue were characterized using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Election Microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques (EDS) for chemical composition, phase and morphology. Statistical analysis of the kinetic dissolution data show that the chemical controlled model best describes the gypsum dissolution in hydrochloric acid.Item The Effect of Two African Mineral Dyes on the Activity of Alkaline Phosphatase in the Skin and Serum of Albino Rats(2006-09) Adebayo, G.B.; Sunmonu, T.O.; Adekola, F.A.; Olatunji, G.A.The effect of two African mineral dyes Yombo tumtum (YT) and Yombo fita (YF) on the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the skin and serum of albino rats was investigated. The chemical analyses of the dyes were first carried out using solubility test, pH determination and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) elemental analysis. Six different concentrations (0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.00%) of each dye were prepared using hydrogen peroxide as solvent. A total of 70 albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used for the study. The rats were grouped into 14 of 5 rats and were maintained on commercial feed for a period of 30 days, during which the experiment lasted. Group I served as the first control and the animals had distilled water applied on their heads. Group 2 which served as the second control contained rats on whose heads were applied the dissolving solvent i.e. hydrogen peroxide. Rats in group 3 to 8 had the various concentrations of YT (black) dye applied on their heads, while those in groups 9 to 14 had the various prepared concentrations of YF (white) dye applied on their heads. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and portion of the head skin where the dyes were applied was cut. The activity of ALP was thereafter determined in the serum and skin of the experimental animals. The results revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the activity of ALP as the concentration of the dye increased in both the serum and skin @JASEM.Item Effect of white African mineral hair dye on the activities of phosphatases and malondialdehyde level in selected tissues of albino rats(2005-09) Adebayo, G.B.; Sunmonu, T.O.; Adekola, F.A.; Olatunji, G.A.The effect of white African mineral dye Yombofita (YF) on the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the skin, liver, kidney and serum of albino rats was investigated. The chemical analysis of the dye was first carried out using solubility test, pH determination and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) elemental analysis. Six differentconcentrations (0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.00%) of the dye were prepared using hydrogen peroxide (30 volume) as solvent. A total of 80 albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used for the study. The rats were divided into 8 groups of 10 each and were maintained on commercial feed for the period of the experiment i.e. 30 days. In group 1, the control group, the animals were applied distilled water on their heads, whereas in group 2 the vehicle i.e. hydrogen peroxide was applied. In groups 3 to 8 various concentrations of YF (white) dye ranging from 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 to 1.00% was applied respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and portions of the selected tissues were excised for the determination of ALP and ACP activities. The MDA level was also determined in the skin of experimental animals. The results revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) with increasing concentration of the dye in the activities of ALP and ACP in the kidney and skin but not in the liver while the level of MDA in the skin increased significantly (p< 0.05) with increasing concentration of the dye.Item Removal of p-Nitrophenol from Aqueous Solution Using Synthesized Silica-Magnetite Composite(2017) Adekola, F.A.; Orimolade, B.O.; Adebayo, G.B.Silica-magnetite composite was synthesized as model adsorbent for the removal of p-nitrophenol (p-NP), a problematic toxicant present in effluents from pharmaceutical and allied industries. The adsorption behavior was studied by batch method. Prepared adsorbent was fully characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence. The optimum conditions of adsorption were determined by investigating the effect of initial p-NP concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose, pH value of aqueous solution and temperature. Adsorption equilibrium time was found to be 60 min. The optimum initial concentration of p-NP was 70 mg/L while the optimum temperature and pH were 30 0C and 2 respectively. The equilibrium adsorption experimental data were fitted best the Langmuir isotherm. The pseudo-second order kinetic model described the adsorption kinetics more effectively. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and feasible. The experimental results have revealed the potential of synthesized material for the removal of p-nitrophenol from aqueous solution.Item SPECTOPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF Cu, Ni, AND Fe IN TWO ENVIRONEMNTAL SAMPLES USING PARA-PHENYLENEDIAMINE EXTRACTED FROM A NATURAL MINERAL DYE(Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin Ilorin, 2011) Adebayo, G. B.; Adekola, F.A.; Olagunju, O.T.A simple, sensitive and novel spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of trace elements (Cu, Ni and Fe) using para-phenylenediamine extracted from a mineral dye with diethyl ether. The method was applied to the determination of these metals in algae and cattle manure samples obtained from a polluted river and cattle house within Ilorin Metropolis. The concentration of the metals in algae sample were 30.15±4.1 51.9±9.4 and 1055.25±8.8 ppm for Cu, Ni, and Fe respectively while cattle manure were found to be 15.5±2.1, 25.15±5.5 and 429.15±17.2, ppm for Cu, Ni and Fe, respectively. Two standard methods of determination of heavy metals, AAS and XRF were also used to determine the same metals in the environmental samples. The results obtained were found to be of no significant difference (p ‹ 0.05) from the result of developed method.