Browsing by Author "Adebiyi, Oluwashina"
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Item The 2008 Electoral Reform and Management of Elections in Nigeria, 2011-2015(Nigerian Political Science Association, 2016) Saka, Luqman; Adebiyi, OluwashinaThe Nigerian experience as regards election management has not been so enviable. Elections conducted in post-independence Nigeria have been subjected to controversies derivable from the credibility of the electoral processes. In this regard, the role of Election Management Institutions in the Nigerian electoral process has become problematic and questionable. The perceived incapability of the country’s Election Management Board, INEC to conduct free, fair and credible elections particularly in the Fourth Republic warranted the continuous call for a total reform of the country’s entire electoral architecture. It is on this basis that this paper examines the impact of the recent Uwais Electoral Reform Committee report and adoption of some of the committee’s recommendations on Election Management in Nigeria with specific reference to the 2011-2015 electoral cycle. Through a historical qualitative analysis of data gathered from secondary sources, this paper found out among others that the major challenge confronting election management institution in Nigeria is lack of independence. This paper therefore, submits that the holistic adoption of the 2008 Electoral Reform Committee will go a long way in reviving citizens’ confidence in the country’s electoral process.Item African Union and the Promotion of Democratisation in Africa: Success and Challenges(Faculty of Social Science, University of Ilorin, 2013-08) Adebiyi, OluwashinaFollowing the democratization process and the consequent re-introduction of popular democratic rule in some states in Africa in the 1990’s is a great deal of emphasis on the need to democratize African states. Most African states have at one time or the other established democratic rule which has either been sustained or reversed to the initial military dictatorship or one party rule. The fact however, remains that democracy is one concept which African states requires in fostering socio-economic and political development in the region. The contribution of the African Union to the democratization process in Africa cannot be under estimated as the organization has contributed in one way or the other to the establishment of democratic rule in some African states. While the organization has achieved a considerable level of success, it continues to face challenges. This paper shall examine the efforts of the African Union in driving the democratization process on the continent, identifying areas of success and challenges. Drawing basically from secondary sources, the paper shall adopt the historical and the descriptive method of analysis. It has been demonstrated that efforts at fostering democracy in Africa need to go beyond holding periodic elections and establishing democratic institutions. Aside these, it also has to do with imbibing democratic cultures and values which should govern electoral competition based on representation, inclusiveness, accountability and total abhorrence for military rule in order to prevent democratic reversal and the re-institutionalization of autocratic rule.Item Corruption and Democratic Sustenance in Nigeria, 1999-2015(Department of Political Science, Federal University, Dutse, Jigawa State, 2018) Adebiyi, OluwashinaThe menace of corruption requires urgent attention and solution. Efforts at eradicating corruption most especially in new democracies of Africa have engendered studies on the nexus between corruption and democracy. While the menace of corruption is not unique to a particular country, Nigeria as a nation has no doubt had its dose of multifaceted challenges which is epitomised by incessant corruption. This paper examines corruption vis-a-vis democratic sustenance with particular reference to Nigeria from 1999 to 2015. Deriving data largely from secondary sources and analysing same through the qualitative method, it was discovered that while democracy has high potentials to prevent corruption its inherent tenets have been found to be corruption-inducing. The paper submits that since returning to democracy in 1999 the Nigerian state has been engulfed in monumental treasury looting and embezzlement of public funds by political office holders. The nation’s electoral process has been turned into a medium of disbursing national revenue by public and political office holders to favourite political cohorts, an act which has far reaching consequences on the country’s democratisation process and sustenance. It was however, concluded that reducing the paraphernalia of office and empowering anti-graft agencies are some of the ways by which the menace of corruption can be reduced.Item Democratisation, Governance and the Challenges of NIgeria's National Security: Lessons form Nigeria's Electoral History(Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2014) Adebiyi, OluwashinaItem Effects of Youth Restiveness and Violence on National Security in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic(Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2016-12) Adebiyi, OluwashinaThe role of youths in the development of a society cannot be overemphasised. This is because youths in any polity form the major part of the society, meaning that the society is incomplete without the youths and as such they form the backbone of any nation in the sense that they can change the future of any nation for better with their courageous behaviour. This cannot however, be achieved with restive and violent youths. It is quite unfortunate that one of the characteristics of the Nigeria’s Fourth Republic is the increasing spate of youth violence and restiveness which has characterised its socio-political and economic processes. The paper discusses youth restiveness in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic pointing out the causal factors and the resultant effect of violence on Nigeria’s national security. The paper argues that there is a strong relationship between violence and youth restiveness. Drawing largely from data gathered through secondary source the paper adopted the frustration-aggression theory to explain the restive and violent nature of youths in Nigeria. Lastly, the paper suggests viable panaceas for reducing if not totally curbing youth restiveness and violence in the country.Item Elections and Violence in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: Taking Stock of Violent Acts in the 2015 General Elections(Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2015) Adebiyi, Oluwashina; Isiaq, Atanda; Abubakar, AbdulrahmanNigeria’s post colonial experience as regards the conduct of democratic elections has been particularly turbulent. With the exemption of a few, specifically, the aborted 1993 presidential election, other elections held were characterized by unabated electoral violence. The 2015 general elections generated tensions and controversies more than any other election held in the Fourth Republic. Only a few did not anticipate the occurrence of post election violence. This paper examined the 2015 general elections with the aim of documenting violent acts perpetrated before, during and after the elections. Generating data majorly from secondary sources, this paper argued that hate speech, campaign of calumny, corruption, the domino effect of the Boko Haram insurgency among others are among the major drivers of violence in the 2015 general elections. It is submitted however, that recurrent electoral violence has grievous implications for the democratic process. It is however concluded that the creation of a sound legal framework, to try politicians who indulge in hate speech, fortification of the state security apparatus, provision of employment opportunities among others will assist in reducing if not curb the occurrence of violence in Nigeria’s future elections.Item Electoral Violence: A theoretical Exploration(Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Federal University, Lafia, 2017-12) Adebiyi, Oluwashina; Isiaq, Atanda; Abubakar, AbdulrahmanNigeria’s post colonial experience as regards the conduct of democratic elections has been particularly turbulent. With the exemption of a few, specifically, the aborted 1993 presidential election, other elections held were characterized by unabated electoral violence. The 2015 general elections generated tensions and controversies more than any other election held in the Fourth Republic. Only a few did not anticipate the occurrence of post election violence. This paper examined the 2015 general elections with the aim of documenting violent acts perpetrated before, during and after the elections. Generating data majorly from secondary sources, this paper argued that hate speech, campaign of calumny, corruption, the domino effect of the Boko Haram insurgency among others are among the major drivers of violence in the 2015 general elections. It is submitted however, that recurrent electoral violence has grievous implications for the democratic process. It is however concluded that the creation of a sound legal framework, to try politicians who indulge in hate speech, fortification of the state security apparatus, provision of employment opportunities among others will assist in reducing if not curb the occurrence of violence in Nigeria’s future elections.Item Exploring the Legislative Framework of the Nigerian National Assembly(Faculty of Social Science, University of Ilorin, 2018-03) Bakare, Adebola; Adebiyi, Oluwashina; Mahmud, KafayatItem Exploring the legislative framework of the Nigerian National Assembly.(Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2018) Bakare, Adebola Rafiu; Adebiyi, Oluwashina; Mahmoud, KafayatThere seems to be a wide semblance of legislative framework among democratic countries across the globe. This is largely as a result of the significance of the institution to democratic rule and the uniformity of roles. However, while the legislature shape the behaviours of individual legislators in advanced democracies, the Nigerian experience depict otherwise. This led to a situation of strong legislators and weak legislature. It is against this backdrop that this paper explored the legislative framework of the Nigerian National Assembly with the objective of identifying the factors responsible for the peculiar trajectory. The paper found these factors to include: impact of colonial experience, long years of military rule, corruption, incessant conflicts and ethnic rivalry, overriding influence of godfathers and money politics. It also identified a number of challenges fuelling this trajectory and concluded that there is hope of a democratic rebirth and renewed national legislature if there is a paradigm shift from the way politics is done in Nigeria. The paper recommended among others that there is need for the National Orientation Agency (NOA) and other relevant MDGs of government to embark on aggressive re-orientation of both politicians and the electorates especially to correct the misconception of the roles of the legislature.Item From Violence to Peace: the National Union of Road Transport Workers and Political Thuggery in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 1999-2015(Department of sociology, Osun State University Osogbo, 2017) Adebiyi, OluwashinaThe activities of the National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW) in Ibadan, Oyo State in the Fourth Republic culminated to severe acts of political thuggery and violence especially during the period preceding the emergence of Senator Isiaka Abiola Ajimobi as the governor of the state. During the reign of terror of the Union, residents of Ibadan witnessed violent clashes among members of the Union almost on daily basis. These resulted into scores of deaths and injuries inflicted on both the members of the Union and residents of the city. This study examines the NURTW in relation to political thuggery in Ibadan, Oyo state from 1999-2015. The major objectives of the study are to examine and analyze the NURTW as a principal source of political thuggery and violence in Ibadan from 1999 to 2015, to examine the factors which induced members of the Union to perpetrate acts of political thuggery and violence and to find out the implications of political thuggery and violent acts of the Union on peace and stability in Ibadan. This paper was situated within a theoretical framework of the culture of violence theory. Data was however, derived from both secondary and primary sources. Sources of secondary data included journal articles, textbooks, newspaper articles and organizational publications while primary data was collected through interviews conducted with some members of NURTW in Ibadan. Findings revealed that the activities of NURTW from 1999 generated acts of political thuggery and violence which affected public order in Ibadan and peaceful co-existence of the members of the Union. It was also discovered that the nature of party politics among others induced political thuggery and violence in Ibadan. It was however, suggested among other recommendations that shelving politics of acrimony and bitterness will go a long way in curbing political thuggery and violence in the NURTW.Item 'Kudos or Knocks': Assessing the Performance of INEC in the 2015 General Elections in Niugeria(Faculty of Social Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, 2016-09) Adebiyi, OluwashinaThis paper examined the performance of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) in the 2015 general elections. The assessment is based on some critical issues of the electioneering process, these include: the distribution of permanent voters card and continuous voters registration, recruitment and training of ad hoc staff, distribution of sensitive and non-sensitive materials, the use of electronic card reader and Diaspora voting. Through personal experience garnered from participant observation of the electioneering process and a qualitative assessment of extant and relevant secondary data, this paper submits that the overall performance of INEC was commendable. Also, it is discovered that despite the success recorded there is still a lot to be done to improve on feature elections. This paper however, concludes by proffering some recommendations.Item Participatory Democracy in Pre-Colonial Nigeria: The Old Oyo Empire in Retrospect(Faculty of Social Science, University of Ilorin, 2015-12) Adebiyi, Oluwashina; Isiaq, Atanda; Abubakar, AbdulrahmanPrior to the end of the twentieth century, democracy was the most sought after system of governance. The commencement of the present millennium also signaled the consolidation of the establishment of democratic practice in authoritarian polities. Today, only few countries have not embraced democratic rule. States which do not practice democracy in contemporary times are regarded as pariah states. However, the western proponents of democracy are of the opinion that the difficulty to establish democracy in Africa can be attributed to the level of development of respective African states. These western scholars portray Africa as strangers to democracy. While it may be asserted that African countries may encounter occasional setbacks in their democratization process, they have made remarkable success. It is also important to note that while it is incontestable that the notion of modern democracy is a product of western idea, it can equally be argued that democratic practices is not completely alien to Africa. A retrospective analysis of pre-colonial African political structure will reveal that traditional African societies are not devoid of what may be regarded as the practice of democracy. These indigenous societies had political practices which bear semblance with what is obtained today. Using the pre-colonial Old Oyo Empire as a point of reference and a careful investigation of relevant secondary data and multi-disciplinary approach the paper argued that what can be described as democratic practices actually existed in the Empire. The paper however, concludes that these democratic practices were abolished by the advent of colonial rule.Item Political parties and democratic growth in Nigeria: Insights from the people’s democratic party(Department of Political Science, IBBU Lapai, Niger State, 2017) Adebiyi, Oluwashina; Isiaq, AtandaWhile the constitutions of most democracies, developing and developed do not statutorily stipulate the functions and roles of political parties, political parties remain central and significant to the workings of any democratic polity. The centrality of political parties to democracy can be located in the critical roles and functions they perform in consolidating democracy. The extent to which they perform these functions however, particularly in nascent democracies has been a source of concern. The perception is that political parties may have not been performing these functions to expectation. This paper examines the role of political parties in a democracy. The major objectives of this paper are to undertake a critical evaluation of the nexus between political parties and democracy and review the roles of the Peoples Democratic Party in Nigeria’s nascent democracy. Using secondary data analysed through the historical qualitative method it was discovered that Nigerian political are not adequately institutionalised in the country’s political system. Thus, they have not impacted positively on the democratization process. It is however, recommended among others that there is the need for political parties to imbibe and observe democratic principles in governance process.Item Political Parties and Nation-Building in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic(Faculty of Law Joseph Ayo Babalola University, 2017) Olaniyi, Johnson; Adebiyi, OluwashinaThis study evaluates the role of political parties in nation building using Nigeria as a case study and with specific reference to the Fourth Republic. The objectives of this study are: to evaluate the general roles of political parties in nation building in Nigeria; to examine the extent to which political parties in Nigeria have fared in the task of nation-building in the Fourth Republic and to analyze the challenges confronting political parties in enhancing nation-building in Nigeria. However, through the adoption of the historical/qualitative analysis cum comparative method, and the adoption of the plural society theory as the theoretical framework it was discovered that Nigerian political parties beginning from 1922 till now have not fared well in the task of nation building. This is because political parties in Nigeria right from independence were interested in championing sectional interests. It was also found out that despite constitutional provisions most Nigerian political parties in the Fourth Republic have given little or no regard to nation-building. It is however, recommended among others that Nigerian political parties should be more concerned about the activities that can enhance nation-building. Political parties need to train and produce leaders that will promote the interest of the citizens and not a section of the population. This is to douse the tension that may arise from inter-ethnic conflict. Parties also need to adhere to constitutional provisions especially those on their formation and organization and those activities that can give credence to nation-building.Item Power, influence, authority and leadership in political science.(Department of Political Science and International Studies, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti (ABUAD), Ekiti State, Nigeria., 2015) Saka, Luqman; Adebiyi, Oluwashina; Bakare, Adebola RafiuPower, influence, authority and leadership in political science