Browsing by Author "Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf"

Now showing 1 - 16 of 16
  • Item
    2008 electoral reform and the Management of elections in Nigeria, 2011-2105.
    (Nigerian Political Science Associaltion, 2016) SAKA, Luqman; Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf
    The Nigerian experience as regards election management has not been so enviable. Elections conducted in post-independence Nigeria have been subjected to controversies derivable from the credibility of the electoral processes. In this regard, the role of Election Management Institutions in the Nigerian electoral process has become problematic and questionable. The perceived incapability of the country's Election Management Board, INEC to conduct free, fair and credible elections particularly in the Fourth Republic warranted the continuous call for a total reform of the country's entire electoral architecture. It is on this basis that this paper examines the impact of the recent Uwais Electoral Reform Committee report and adoption of some of the committee's recommendations on election management in Nigeria with specific reference to the 2011-2015 electoral cycle. Through a historical qualitative analysis of data gathered from secondary sources, this paper found out among others that the major challenge confronting election management institution in Nigeria is lack of independence. This paper therefore, submits that the holistic adoption of the 2008 Electoral Reform Committee Report will go a long way in reviving citizens' confidence in the country's electoral process.
  • Item
    African union and the promotion of democratization in Africa: prospects and challenges
    (Facukty of Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2013-08) Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf
    Following the democratization process and the consequent re-introduction of popular democratic rule in some states in Africa in the 1990's is a great deal of emphasis on the need to democratize African states. Most African states have at one time or the other established democratic rule which has either been sustained or reversed to the initial military dictatorship or one-party rule. The fact however, remains that democracy is one concept which African states requires in fostering socio-economic and political development in the region. The contribution of the African Union to the democratization process in Africa cannot be under estimated as the organization has contributed in one way or the other to the establishment of democratic rule in some African states. While the organization has achieved a considerable level of success, it continues' to face challenges. This paper examined the efforts of the African Union in driving the democratization process on the continent, identifying areas of success and challenges. Drawing basically from secondary sources, the paper shall adopt the historical and the descriptive method of analysis. It has been demonstrated that efforts at fostering democracy in Africa need to go beyond holding periodic elections and establishing democratic institutions. Aside these, it also has to do with imbibing democratic cultures and values which should govern electoral competition based on representation, inclusiveness, accountability and total abhorrence for military rule in order to prevent democratic reversal and the re-institutionalization of autocratic rule.
  • Item
    Corruption and democratic sustenance in Nigeria, 1999-2015
    (Department of Political Science, Faculty of Art snd Social Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria, 2018-06) Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf
    The menace of corruption requires urgent attention and constructive solution. Efforts at eradicating corruption most especially in new democracies of Africa have engendered studies on the nexus between corruption and democracy. While the menace of corruption is not unique to a particular country, Nigeria as a nation has no doubt had its dose of multifaceted challenges which is epitomised by incessant corruption. This paper examines corruption vis-a-vis democratic sustenance with particular reference to Nigeria from 1999 to 2015. Deriving data largely from secondary sources and analysing same through the qualitative method, it was discovered that while democracy has high potentials to prevent corruption its inherent tenets have been found to be corruption-inducing. The paper submits that since returning to democracy in 1999 the Nigerian state has been engulfed in monumental treasury looting and embezzlement of public funds by political office holders. The nation's electoral process has been turned into a medium of disbursing national revenue by public and political office holders to favourite political cohorts, an act which has far reaching consequences on the country's democratisation process and sustenance. It was however, concluded that reducing the paraphernalia of office and empowering anti-graft agencies are some of the ways by which the menace of corruption can be reduced.
  • Item
    Democratization, governance and the challenges of Nigeria’s national security: Lessons from Nigeria’s electoral history’
    (Department of Political Science, University of ilorin, 2014) Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf
    One of the fundamental goals of any civilized society is to ensure the maintenance of law and order which in turn guarantees the general security of the entire citizenry. An important avenue for achieving this is to ensure a credible democratic process devoid of violent transition of power from one regime to the other. The national security dilemma in Nigeria today is an indication of the near failure of the Nigeria's democratization and governance processes. Given the strategic position and role of the Nigerian state in the West African sub-region and Africa in general, the national security situation has far reaching effects not only on the Nigerian state and its people but on the region as a whole. This paper examines the interwoven relationship between democratization, governance and Nigeria's national security looking at the countries electoral history. The paper contends that there is a link between democratization, governance and national security. While a violence-free electoral process enhances the democratization process and foster national security, a violence-ridden democratic process does the opposite. The paper through a careful review of existing secondary information and a critical analysis of the country's electoral history submit that one of the challenges facing the countries national security is electoral violence which results from or leads to flawed elections. The paper, however, conclude that consolidating Nigeria's democratization process, ensuring effective governance and enhancing national security can be achieved through a vibrant and transparent electoral process.
  • Item
    EFFECTS OF YOUTII RESTIVENESS AND VIOLENCE O.N NATIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC
    (Department of Sociology University of Ilorin, 2016-12) Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf
    The role of youths in the development of a society cannot be over-emphasised. This is because youths in any polity forms the major part of the society meaning that the society is incomplete without the youths and as such they form the backbone of any nation in the sense that they can change the future of any nation for better with their courageous behaviour. This cannot however, be achieved with restive and violent youths. It is quite unfortunate that one of the characteristics of Nigeria's Fourth Republic is the increasing spate of youth violence and restiveness which has characterised its socio-political and economic processes. The paper discusses youth restiveness in Nigeria 's Fourth Republic pointing out the causal factors and the resultant effect of violence on Nigeria 's national security. The paper therefore argues that there is a strong relationship between violence and youth restiveness. Deriving largely from data gathered through secondary source, the paper adopted the frustration-aggression theory to explain the restive and violent nature of youths in Nigeria. Lastly, the paper suggests viable panaceas for reducing, if not totally. curbing restiveness and violence in the country.
  • Item
    Elections and Violence in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Taking stock of violent Acts in the 2015 General Elections
    (Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ilorin, 2015) Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf; Isiaq, Atanda Abdulwaheed; Abubakar, Abdulrahman
    Nigeria's post colonial experience as regards the conduct of democratic elections has been particularly turbulent. With the exemption of a few, particularly the 1993 presidential elections, other elections held were characterised by electoral violence. The 2015 general elections generated tensions and controversies more than any other elections held in the Fourth Republic. Only a few did not anticipate the occurrence of post election violence. This papaer examined 2015 general elections with the aim of documenting violent acts perpetrated before, during and after the election. Generating data majorly from secondary sources, this paper argued that hate speech, campaign of calumny, corruption, the domino effect of the Boko Haram insurgency, among others, are among the major drivers of violence in the 2015 general elections. It is submitted however, that recurrent electoral violence has grievous implications for the democratic process. It is however, concluded that the creation of a sound legal framework, to try politicians who indulge in hate speech, fortification of the data security apparatus, provision of employment opportunities, among others, will assist in reducing if not curb the occurrence of violence in Nigeria's future elections.
  • Item
    Elections and Violence in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: Taking Stock of Violent Acts in the 2015 General Elections
    (DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, ILORIN, NIGERIA, 2015) Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf; Ishaq, Atanda Abdulwaheed; Abubakar, Abdulrahman
    Nigeria's post colonial experience as regards the conduct of democratic elections has been particularly turbulent. With the exemption of a few, specifically the aborted 1993 presidential election, other elections held were characterized by electoral violence. The 2015 general elections generated tensions and controversies more than any other election held in the Fourth Republic. Only a few did not anticipate the occurrence of post election violence. This paper examined the 2015 general elections with the aim of documenting violent acts perpetrated before, during and after the elections. Generating data majorly from secondary sources, this paper argued that hate speech, campaign of calumny, corruption, the domino effect of the Boko Haram insurgency, among others, are among the major drivers of violence in the 2015 general elections. It is submitted however, that recurrent electoral violence has grievous implications for the democratic process. It is however, concluded that the creation of a sound legal framework, to try politicians who indulge in hate speech, fortification of the state security apparatus, provision of employment opportunities, among others, will assist in reducing if not curb the occurrence of violence in Nigeria's future elections.
  • Item
    Elections and violence in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: Taking stock of violent acts in the 2015 general elections.
    (Department of Political Science, University of Ilorin 3. Adebiyi, O.M. Isiaq, A.A. & Abubakar, A. (2016). Elections and violence in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: Taking stock of violent acts in the 2015 general elections. Political Science Review, 6(2):120-148. Published by the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences University of Ilorin, 2015) Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf; ISIAQ, A.A.; abubakar Abdulrahman
    Nigeria's post colonial experience as regards the conduct of democratic elections has particularly turbulent. With the exemption of a few, specifically the aborted presidential election, other elections held were characterized by electoral violence. The 2015 general elections generated tensions and controversies more than other elections held in the Fourth Republic. Only a few did not anticipate the occurrence of post-election violence. This paper examined the 2015 general elections the aim of documenting violent acts perpetrated before, during and after the elections. Generating data majorly from secondary sources, this paper argued that hate speech, campaign of calumny, corruption, the domino effect of the Boko Haram insurgency, among others, are among the major drivers of violence in the 2015 •al elections. It is submitted however, that recurrent electoral violence has implications for the democratic process. It is however, concluded that the on of a sound legal framework, to try politicians who indulge in hate speech, provision of employment opportunities and others, will assist in reducing if not curb the occurrence of violence in future elections.
  • Item
    Electoral violence: A theoretical exploration
    (Department of Political Science , Federal University, Lafia, 2017-12) Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf
    Electoral violence has a remained a canker worm in the annals of democratic governments particularly in new democracies of Africa. Occurrences of electoral violence in Africa are usually accompanied by huge human and material loss. While studies have shown that violence in Africa's elections minimally affects about 25% of elections in Africa, the increasing number of deaths and the wanton destruction of properties associated with uncontrolled and incessant electoral violence generate widespread anxiety and concern about how to put an end to this menace. This paper attempts an exploration of theoretical expositions on electoral violence. Deriving data largely from secondary sources and analysing same through the historical qualitative method, it is deduced that the nature of politics, the character of electoral processes and the nature of electoral institutions are broadly responsible for the prevalence of electoral violence in Africa. Electoral violence however, has devastating effects on the democratization process in particular and the society in general. It is therefore, suggested that conducting elections under free and fair conditions among others will impact positively on the effort to control electoral violence
  • Item
    From violence to peace: the national union of road transport workers and political thuggery in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria, 1999-2015.
    (Department of Sociology, Osun State University, Osogbo, 2017-06) Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf
    The activities of the National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW) in Ibadan, Oyo State in the Fourth Republic culminated to severe acts of political thuggery and violence especially during the period preceding the emergence of Senator Isiaka Abiola Ajimobi as the governor of the state. During the reign of terror of the Union, residents of Ibadan witnessed violent clashes among members of the Union almost on daily basis. These resulted into scores of deaths and injuries inflicted on both the members of the Union and residents of the city. This study examines the NURTW in relation to political thuggery in Ibadan, Oyo state from 1999-2015. The major objectives of the study are to examine and analyze the NURTW as a principal source of political thuggery and violence in Ibadan from 1999 to 2015, to examine the factors which induced members of the Union to perpetrate acts of political thuggery and violence and to find out the implications of political thuggery and violent acts of the Union on peace and stability in Ibadan. This paper was situated within a theoretical framework of the culture of violence theory. Data was however, derived from both secondary and primary sources. Sources of secondary data included journal articles, textbooks, newspaper articles and organizational publications while primary data was collected through interviews conducted with some members of NURTW in Ibadan. Findings revealed that the activities of NURTW from 1 999 generated acts of political thuggery and violence which affected public order in Ibadan and peaceful co-existence of the members of the Union. It was also discovered that the nature of party politics among others induced political thuggery and violence in Ibadan. It was however, suggested among other recommendations that shelving politics of acrimony and bitterness will go a long way in curbing political thuggery and violence in the NURTW
  • Item
    Kudos or Knocks: assessing the performance of INEC IN the 2015 general elections in Nigeria
    (Faculty of Social Sciences, Niger- Delta University, Wilberforce Islan, Bayelsa State, 2016-09) Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf
    This paper examined the performance of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) in the 2015 general elections, with particular emphasis on the distribution of Permanent Voters Card (PVCs). Considering the significance of voter turnout to democracy, the major objective of this paper is to assess the effects of the distribution of Permanent Voters Card (PVC) on voter turnout and apathy vis-å-vis democratic consolidation. Through personal experience garnered from participant observation of the electioneering process and a qualitative assessment of extant and relevant secondary data, this paper submits that while the overall performance of INEC was commendable, the country's electoral body need to do more in terms of distribution of PVCs in order not to disenfranchise eligible voters and to conduct all-inclusive elections. This paper, concludes by proffering some recommendations on how to improve on future elections.
  • Item
    Low Voter Turnout in Elections and Democratic Development in Nigeria's Fourth Republic
    (Department of Political Science, University of Ilorin, 2020) Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf; Abubakar, Abdulrahman
  • Item
    PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY IN PRE-COLONIAL NIGERIA: THE OLD OYO EMPIRE IN RETROSPECT
    (Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, Iloirn, Nigeria, 2015-12) Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf; Ishaq, Atanda Abdulwaheed; Abubakar Abdulrahman
    Prior to the end of the twentieth century, democracy was the most sought after system of governance. The commencement of the present millennium also signaled the consolidation of the establishment of democratic practice in authoritarian polities. Today, only few countries have not embraced democratic rule. States which do not practice democracy in contemporary times are regarded as pariah states. However, the western proponents of democracy are of the opinion that the difficulty to establish democracy in Africa can be attributed to the level of development of respective African states. These western scholars portray Africa as strangers to democracy. While it may be asserted that African countries may encounter occasional setbacks in their democratisation process, they have made remarkable success. It is also important to note that while it is incontestable that the notion of modern democracy is a product of western idea, it can equally be argued that democratic practices is not completely alien to Africa. A retrospective analysis of pre-colonial African political structure will reveal that traditional African societies are not devoid of what may be regarded as the practice of democracy. These indigenous societies had political practices which bear semblance with what is obtained today. Using the pre-colonial Old Oyo Empire as a point of reference and a careful investigation of relevant secondary data and multi-disciplinary approach, the paper argued that what can be described as democratic practices actually existed in the Empire. The paper however, concludes that these democratic practices were abolished by the advent of colonial rule
  • Item
    PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY IN PRE-COLONIAL NIGERIA: THE OLD OYO EMPIRE IN RETROSPECT
    (Ilorin Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 2015-12) Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf; Isiaq, Atanda Abdulwaheed; Abubakar, Abdulrahman
    Prior to the end of the 20th century, democracy was the most sought after system of governance. The commencement of the present millennium also signal the consolidation and establishment of democratic practices in authoritarian polities. Today, only few countries have not embraced democratic rule. States which do not practice Democracy in contemporary times are regarded as pariah states. However, the Western proponents of democracy are of the opinion that such difficulty to establish Democracy in Africa can be attributed to the level of development of respective African states. These Western scholars portrays Africa as strangers to democracy. While it may be asserted that African countries may encounter occasional setbacks in their democratization process, they have made remarkable success. It is also important to note that while it is incontestable that the notion of the modern democracy is a product of western idea, it can equally be argued that democratic practices is not completely alien to Africa. A retrospective analysis of pre-colonial African political structure will reveal that traditional African societies and is devoid of what may be regarded as the practice of democracy. These indigenous societies had political practices which bears semblance with what is obtained today. Using the pre-colonial old Oyo empire as a point of reference and a careful investigation of relevant secondary data and multidisciplinary approach, the paper argued that what can be described as democratic practices actually existed in the empire. These paper however concludes that these democratic practices were abolished by the adventure of colonial rule.
  • Item
    POLITICAL PARTIES AND DEMOCRATIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: INSIGHTS FROM THE PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC PARTY
    (Department of Political Science, Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida University Lapai, Nigeria, 2017) Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf; & Isiaq, A.A
    While the constitutions of most democracies, developing and developed do not statutorily stipulate the functions and roles of political parties, political parties remain central and significant to the workings of any democratic polity. The centrality of political parties to democracy can be located in the critical roles and functions they perform in consolidating democracy. The extent to which they perform these functions however, particularly in nascent democracies has been a source of concern. The perception is that political parties may have not been performing these functions to expectation. This paper examines the role of political parties in a democracy. The major objectives of this paper are to undertake a critical evaluation of the nexus between political parties and democracy and review the roles of the Peoples Democratic Party in Nigeria's nascent democracy. Using secondary data analysed through the historical qualitative method it was discovered that Nigerian political are not adequately institutionalised in the country’s political system, Thus, they have not impacted positively on the democratization process. It is however, recommended among others that there is the need for political parties to imbibe and observe democratic principles in governance process.
  • Item
    POLITICAL PARTIES AND DEMOCRATIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: INSIGHTS FROM THE PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC PARTY
    (Lapai International Journal of Politics (LIJOPOL), 2017) Adebiyi, Oluwashina Moruf; Isiaq, Atanda Abdulwaheed
    While the constitution of most democracies, developing and developed do not statutorily stipulate the functions and roles of political parties, , political parties remain central and significant to the workings of any democratic polity. the centrality of political party to democracy can be located in the critical roles and functions they perform in consolidating democracy. The extent to which they perform these functions however, particularly in nascent democracies has been a source of concern. The perception is that political parties may have not been performing these functions to expectation. This paper examines the role of political parties in a democracy. The major objectives of these paper are to undertake a critical evaluation of the nexus between political parties and democracy and review the roles of the People's Democratic Party in Nigeria's nascent democracy. Using secondary data analysed through the historical qualitative method it was discovered that Nigerian political are not adequately institutionalised in the country's political system. Thus, they have not impacted positively on the democratization process. It is however, recommended among others that there is the need for political parties to imbibe and observe democratic principles in governance process.