Browsing by Author "Adam, M"

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    Effects of xylazine on physiological and biochemical parameters of Sahel bucks exposed to twenty-eight hours road transportation
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usman Danfodio University, Sokoto, 2016-08) Biobaku, K. T; Agaie, B. M; Onifade, K. I; Odetokun, I. A; Okediran, B. S; Ameen, S. A; Ismaila, M. S; Adam, M; Raji, L. O
    Thirty two apparently healthy animals were used in the study with four bucks per group. There were eight groups in all and two stocking densities. The experimental treatment groups were xylazine at 0.01 mg/kg intramuscularly administered (IM), xylazine at 0.015 mg/kg (IM), xylazine at 0.020 mg/kg (IM) and a control none treated group. Each of the treatments had low and high stocking rates respectively. Thus, 16 animals each were experimented upon for the high and low stocking rates. Xylazine was administered prior and midway into the experimental journey. Physiological parameters taken were: respiratory and heart rates, rectal temperature and excitability score. Biochemical parameters analyzed were: alanine aminotransferase (ALT) aspartate amino transferase (AST), glucose, cholesterol, and protein. The electrolytes analyzed were Ca+, Mg++, Na+ K+ and Cl- . Antioxidative stress markers assayed were glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, malonyldialdehyde. Full blood count and thyroid hormones [triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraidothyronine (T4)] were also determined using ELISA. The results show there was no significant (P>0.05) changes at all doses except for cholesterol where the dose of (0.015mg/kg) of xylazine produced a significantly (P<0.05) higher value when compared to the control, and the other treated groups. The serum Na+ and Cl- were significantly higher in the group treated with 0.01 mg/kg of xylazine (155.51±15.11 and 121.32±36.90 mg/dl) compared to the control. Xylazine at 0.015 mg/kg and 0.02 mg/kg dose caused a reduction in the Cl- levels. Xylazine treatment might have improved adaptability in long term transportation.
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    Haemato-biochemical changes following inhalational exposure to commercial grade pyrethroid mixture in male Wistar rats
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, 2018-02) Okediran, B.S; Ajayi, O.V; Suleiman, R; Adah, A.S; Biobaku, K.T; Adam, M; Suleiman, K.Y; Sanusi, F
    Introduction: Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used for control of insects such as ticks and flies which may act as disease vectors. During usage, these pyrethroids are absorbed not only by the target parasites but also by the host. We investigated the haematological and some biochemical changes that may occur as a result of daily exposure to pyrethroids via inhalation for seven days in male Wistar rats at varying concentrations. Methods: A total of sixteen male Wistar rats used for this investigation were divided into four groups: A-D. Group A served as the control unexposed while groups B-D were exposed to 0.04; 0.08 and 0.16mg/ml of pyrethroid (0.05% imiprothrin, 0.05% prallethrin and 0.015% cyfluthrin) respectively daily for seven days. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in packed cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and haemoglobin concentrations, while there was also a significant increase (p < 0.05) in activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase while protein, creatinine and urea concentrations were equally elevated. Significance: Repeated exposure to pyrethroid continuously over a period of seven days resulted in alteration of haematological and biochemical parameters predisposing the rats to microcytic hypochromic anaemia and perturbation of protein metabolism.
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    Haematological and biochemical parameters of clinically dehydrated and euhydrated dogs
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usman Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria, 2018-11-22) Atata, J.A.; Esievo, K.A.N; Adamu, S; Abdulsalam, H; Adam, M; Chiroma, M.A; Avazi, D.O
    Dehydration results in alterations in haematological and biochemical parameters of dogs. The aim of this study was to determine the haematological and biochemical parameters of clinically dehydrated and euhydrated dogs. A total of 109 samples obtained from different breeds of dogs were used for this study. The degrees/grades of dehydration of each dog were recorded and the dogs were grouped as follows based on their degrees of dehydration: A; euhydrated, B; mildly dehydrated, C; moderately dehydrated and D; severely dehydrated. Whole blood was collected via cephalic venipuncture for complete blood counts. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, glucose, sodium, calcium, chloride, phosphorus, potassium, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio and anion gap (AG) as well as serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were determined using serum prepared from whole blood. Urinalysis was done using fresh urine sample. Significantly higher packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) (P < 0.05) due to dehydration was observed in B, while significantly lower PCV and Hb (P > 0.05) were reported in C and D. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, BUN/creatinine ratio, total protein, albumin and urine specific gravity were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in B, C, D compared to A. However, the concentrations of glucose, calcium, sodium, chloride, potassium, phosphorus, bicarbonate and anion gap and the activities of liver enzymes were comparable (P > 0.05). It was concluded from this study that: the relative increases in PCV and Hb concentration observed in B was due to haemoconcentration (dehydration), the reported anaemia in C and D were in existence with certain degrees of dehydration and that the increases in serum urea, creatinine, total protein and albumin concentrations were consistent biochemical indicators of dehydration in dogs.
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    Haematological and biochemical parameters of clinically dehydrated and euhydrated dogs
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usman Danfodio University, Sokoto, 2018-12) Atata, J. A; Esievo, K.A.N; Adamu, S; Abdulsalam, H; Adam, M; Chiroma, M. A; Avazi, D. O
    Dehydration results in alterations in haematological and biochemical parameters of dogs. The aim of this study was to determine the haematological and biochemical parameters of clinically dehydrated and euhydrated dogs. A total of 109 samples obtained from different breeds of dogs were used for this study. The degrees/grades of dehydration of each dog were recorded and the dogs were grouped as follows based on their degrees of dehydration: A; euhydrated, B; mildly dehydrated, C; moderately dehydrated and D; severely dehydrated. Whole blood was collected via cephalic venipuncture for complete blood counts. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, glucose, sodium, calcium, chloride, phosphorus, potassium, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio and anion gap (AG) as well as serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were determined using serum prepared from whole blood. Urinalysis was done using fresh urine sample. Significantly higher packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) (P < 0.05) due to dehydration was observed in B, while significantly lower PCV and Hb (P > 0.05) were reported in C and D. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, BUN/creatinine ratio, total protein, albumin and urine specific gravity were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in B, C, D compared to A. However, the concentrations of glucose, calcium, sodium, chloride, potassium, phosphorus, bicarbonate and anion gap and the activities of liver enzymes were comparable (P > 0.05). It was concluded from this study that: the relative increases in PCV and Hb concentration observed in B was due to haemoconcentration (dehydration), the reported anaemia in C and D were in existence with certain degrees of dehydration and that the increases in serum urea, creatinine, total protein and albumin concentrations were consistent biochemical indicators of dehydration in dogs.
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    Reproductive pathology of experimentally induced lead poisoning in Red Sokoto Buck: Protective effect of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus).
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt., 2020) Adam, M; Esievo, K.A.N.; Bisalla, M.; Ayo, J.O.; Aliyu, A.I.; Akanbi, O.B.; Baba, A.Y.; Raji L.O.; Salleh, A.
    Tiger-nut (Cyperus esculentus) is a crop that belongs to family Cyperaceae which produces rhizome and tuber that are small spherical in shape. The tubers have aphrodisiac, carminative, diuretics and several health benefits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of methanol extract of tiger nut on the male reproductive pathology of chronic lead poisoning in Red Sokoto buck. The tiger nut was extracted using 95% methanol by cold extraction method. Four adults Red Sokoto bucks (12 to 25 kg) were randomly grouped into four. Group I was administered distilled water (200 mL). Group II was administered lead acetate (200 mg/kg) only. Group III was administered methanol extract of tiger nut (200 mg/kg) and lead acetate (200 mg/kg). Group IV was administered tiger nut (200 mg/kg) only. Evaluation of semen characteristics (semen motility, semen concentration, ejaculate volume and semen pH) were determined by standard method. The serum testosterone changes were determined using commercial kits. The lead acetate (200 mg/kg) group II showed decreased semen characteristics parameters while tiger-nut (LA + TN) group III showed improved values of the semen characteristics. However, the semen characteristics values on the distilled water (DW) group I and sole tiger nut (TN) group IV showed a good semen characteristics values. In conclusion the methanol extract of tiger nut contained antioxidant properties that significantly influence a protective role in ameliorating the pathological effect of lead poisoning in male reproductive pathology in Red Sokoto goat.