Browsing by Author "AbuBarkar, M.S."
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Item Pyrolysis and characterization of Jatropha shell and seed coat,(Faculty of Engineering & Technology, University of Ilorin, 2018) Odetoye, T.E,; AbuBarkar, M.S.; Titiloye, J.O.The utilization of dedicated energy crops and agricultural residues for producing biofuels and bio-oil in a range of energy conversion technology is attracting more research interests. Pyrolysis is one of such important thermochemical method for converting lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels. This work investigates the pyrolysis of residues from a dedicated energy crop, jatropha of Nigerian origin using intermediate pyrolysis. Pyrolysis of Jatropha biomass residues [Jatropha fruit shells (JFS) and Jatropha seed coat (JSC)] was carried out in a tubular fixed bed reactor at a temperature of 450oC, using intermediate pyrolysis method. Bio-oils were obtained and subsequently characterised for their physico-chemical properties. The yields of the resulting bio-oil, biochar and gas were determined. The compositions of the bio-oils obtained were also determined by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur (CHNS) elemental analysis. The main constituents of the bio-oils obtained from JFS and JSC were acetic acid, guaiacol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and phenol. The empirical formula of the obtained JFS and JSC bio-oils were found to be CH1.77 O0.28 N0.04 and CH2.03 O0.47 N0.04 respectively. The bio-oil samples that were produced from JSC and JFS of Nigerian origin were found suitable for bio-oil production. Valuable compounds found in the bio-oils indicated potential industrial applications.The utilization of dedicated energy crops and agricultural residues for producing biofuels and bio-oil in a range of energy conversion technology is attracting more research interests. Pyrolysis is one of such important thermochemical method for converting lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels. This work investigates the pyrolysis of residues from a dedicated energy crop, jatropha of Nigerian origin using intermediate pyrolysis. Pyrolysis of Jatropha biomass residues [Jatropha fruit shells (JFS) and Jatropha seed coat (JSC)] was carried out in a tubular fixed bed reactor at a temperature of 450oC, using intermediate pyrolysis method. Bio-oils were obtained and subsequently characterised for their physico-chemical properties. The yields of the resulting bio-oil, biochar and gas were determined. The compositions of the bio-oils obtained were also determined by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur (CHNS) elemental analysis. The main constituents of the bio-oils obtained from JFS and JSC were acetic acid, guaiacol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and phenol. The empirical formula of the obtained JFS and JSC bio-oils were found to be CH1.77 O0.28 N0.04 and CH2.03 O0.47 N0.04 respectively. The bio-oil samples that were produced from JSC and JFS of Nigerian origin were found suitable for bio-oil production. Valuable compounds found in the bio-oils indicated potential industrial applications.Item Thermochemical Characterisation of Agricultural Wastes from West Africa(2013) Titiloye, J.O.; AbuBarkar, M.S.; Odetoye, T.EThermochemical characterisation of agricultural biomass wastes from West African region has been carried out and their potential use as feedstock in thermochemical conversion processes determined. Proximate, ultimate, structural compositions, calorific values, thermogravimetry (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analyses were carried out on corn straw and cobs, rice straw and husks, cocoa pod, jatropha curcas and moringa olifiera seed cakes, parinari polyandra fruit shell and sugarcane bagasse. Moringa olifiera seed cakes and cocoa pods were found to contain the highest moisture contents. Rice straw was found to contain a high ash content of 45.76 wt.%. The level of nitrogen and sulphur in all the samples were very low. Rice husk was found to have the highest lignin contents while corn cob low lignin contents indicate a potential feedstock source for quality bio-oil production using thermochemical process.Item Thermochemical Characterisation of Agricultural Wastes from West Africa(Elsevier, 2013) Titiloye, J.O.; AbuBarkar, M.S.; Odetoye, T.EThermochemical characterisation of agricultural biomass wastes from West African region has been carried out and their potential use as feedstock in thermochemical conversion processes determined. Proximate, ultimate, structural compositions, calorific values, thermogravimetry (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analyses were carried out on corn straw and cobs, rice straw and husks, cocoa pod, jatropha curcas and moringa olifiera seed cakes, parinari polyandra fruit shell and sugarcane bagasse. Moringa olifiera seed cakes and cocoa pods were found to contain the highest moisture contents. Rice straw was found to contain a high ash content of 45.76 wt.%. The level of nitrogen and sulphur in all the samples were very low. Rice husk was found to have the highest lignin contents while corn cob low lignin contents indicate a potential feedstock source for quality bio-oil production using thermochemical process.Item Thermochemical Characterization of Nigerian Jatropha curcas Fruit and Seed Residues for Biofuel Production(Springer Nature, 2018) Odetoye, T.E; Afolabi, T.J.; AbuBarkar, M.S.; Titiloye, J.O.This study investigates the thermochemical properties of the separate components of jatropha biomass residues of Nigerian origin towards bio-oil production. The biomass residues (Jatropha curcas fruit shells and seed coat) were obtained from their mature jatropha fruits and subjected to physico-chemical characterization (structural composition analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, proximate and ultimate analyses). The structural compositions (extractives, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents) of jatropha fruit shell and jatropha seed coat were 3%, 34.0%, 40.0% and 12.7%, and 42.3%, 32.5%, 10.5% and 5.7%, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the ash contents of jatropha seed coat and jatropha fruit shell were 0.8% and 15.4%, respectively. The carbon contents were 48.3% and 41.5%, while measured calorific values were 20.06 MJ/kg and 17.14 MJ/kg for jatropha seed coat and fruit shell, respectively. The carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur contents were found comparable with those in the literature. This study indicated that the thermochemical properties of the Nigerian Jatropha fruit and seeds residues were comparable with literature values and residues were found suitable for bio-oil production.Item Thermochemical characterization of Parinari polyandra Benth fruit shell for bio-oil production(Elsevier, 2013) Odetoye, T.E.; Onifade, K.A.; Titiloye, J.O.; AbuBarkar, M.S.The aim of this work is to investigate the thermochemical characteristics of Parinari polyandra Benth fruit shell. An agricultural waste residue is investigated using standard methods including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), proximate and ultimate analysis, structural composition and bomb calorimeter. The proximate and ultimate analyses were carried out to determine the ash and fixed carbon contents, volatile matter, and elemental compositions. The structural composition analysis determined the hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin content of the biomass. The measured calorific value obtained was 20.5 MJ/kg. The TGA and DTG profiles indicate the waste fruit shells are viable for pyrolysis reaction. The inorganic contents are relatively low with potassium found to be the most abundant element. The hemicelluloses and cellulose contents are indicative of relatively higher rate of pyrolysis and comparable with established biomass utilised for bio-oil production.