Browsing by Author "Aberuagba, F."

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Biodiesel: Sustainable energy replacement for petroleum based diesel fuel - A review,
    (Green Wave Publishing of Canada, 2015) Ajala, O.E.; Aberuagba, F.; Odetoye, T.E.; Ajala, A.M.
    Biodiesel is a sustainable and renewable source of fuel. It has been considered as a comparable substitute to petro‐diesel, which is a fast depleting resource. Many studies have been undertaken on biodiesel production from various feedstock as a result of its importance. The differences between the physico‐chemical properties of biodiesel and petro‐diesel were considered with the aim of justifying the applicability of biodiesel in compression ignition engines (CIE). It was established that biodiesel has relatively close BTE (brake thermal efficiency) and BSFC (brake specific fuel consumption) values with petro‐diesel, hence, is suitable for CIE operation without any modification. The exhaust from CIE using biodiesel was lower compared to petro‐diesel and this confirms the environmental friendliness of biodiesel. The catalyst being an important substance in the transesterification reaction of vegetable oil/animal fat to produce biodiesel was comprehensively discussed, and heterogeneous catalysts were established to be preferred due to several advantages over homogenous catalysts. This paper reviews biodiesel production, prospects, benefits and challenges as a replacement for petrol diesel.
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    Biodiesel: Sustainable Energy Replacement to Petroleum-Based Diesel Fuel– A Review
    (ChemBioEng Reviews, 2(3): 145 -156. Published by Wiley Library. doi: 10.1002/cben.201400024. Available online at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cben.201400024/abstract, 2015) Ajala, E.O.; Aberuagba, F.; Odetoye, T. E.; Ajala, A. M.
    Biodiesel is a sustainable and renewable source of fuel. It has been considered as a comparable substitute to petro-diesel, which is a fast depleting resource. Many studies have been undertaken on biodiesel production from various feedstock as a result of its importance. The differences between the physico- chemical properties of biodiesel and petrodiesel were considered with the aim of justifying the applicability of biodiesel in compression ignition engines (CIE). It was established that biodiesel has relatively close BTE (brake thermal efficiency) and BSFC (brake specific fuel consumption) values with petro-diesel, hence, is suitable for CIE operation without any modification. The exhaust from CIE using biodiesel was lower compared to petro-diesel and this confirms the environmental friendliness of biodiesel. The catalyst being an important substance in the transesterification reaction of vegetable oil/ animal fat to produce biodiesel was comprehensively discussed, and heterogeneous catalysts were established to be preferred due to several advantages over homogenous catalysts. This paper reviews biodiesel production, prospects, benefits and challenges as a replacement for petrol diesel.
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    Optimization of a two stage process for biodiesel production from shea butter using response surface methodology
    (Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 2017-12) Ajala, E.O.; Aberuagba, F.; Olaniyan, A.M.; Ajala, M.A.; Sunmonu, M.O.
    The challenges of biodiesel production from high free fatty acid (FFA) shea butter (SB) necessitated this study. The reduction of %FFA of SB by esterification and its subsequent utilization by transesterification for biodiesel production in a two stage process for optimization studies was investigated using response surface methodology based on a central composite design (CCD). Four operating conditions were investigated to reduce the %FFA of SB and increase the %yield of shea biodiesel (SBD). The operating conditions were temperature (40–60°C), agitation speed (200–1400 rpm), methanol (MeOH): oil mole ratio: 2:1–6:1 (w/w) for esterification and 4:1–8:1 (w/w) for transesterification and catalyst loading: 1–2% (H2SO4, (v/v) for esterification and KOH, (w/w) for transesterification. The significance of the parameters obtained in linear and non-linear form from the models were determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimal operating conditions that gave minimum FFA of 0.26% were 52.19°C, 200 rpm, 2:1 (w/w) and 1.5% (v/v), while those that gave maximum yield of 92.16% SBD were 40°C, 800 rpm, 7:1 (w/w) and 1% (w/w). The p-value of <0.0001 for each of the stages showed that the models were significant with R2 of 0.96 each. These results indicate the reproducibility of the models and showed that the RSM is suitable to optimize the esterification and transesterification of SB for SBD production. Therefore, RSM is a useful tool that can be employed in industrial scale production of SBD from high FFA SB.
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    Optimization of a two-stage process for biodiesel production from shea butter using Response Surface Methodology
    (Egyptian Journal of Petroleum (EGYJP). Published by Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpe.2016.11.005, 2017) Ajala, E.O.; Aberuagba, F.; Olaniyan, A.M.; Ajala, M.A.; Sunmonu, M.O.
    The challenges of biodiesel production from high free fatty acid (FFA) shea butter (SB) necessitated this study. The reduction of %FFA of SB by esterification and its subsequent utilization by transesterification for biodiesel production in a two stage process for optimization studies was investigated using response surface methodology based on a central composite design (CCD). Four operating conditions were investigated to reduce the %FFA of SB and increase the %yield of shea biodiesel (SBD). The operating conditions were temperature (40–60 C), agitation speed (200– 1400 rpm), methanol (MeOH): oil mole ratio: 2:1–6:1 (w/w) for esterification and 4:1–8:1 (w/w) for transesterification and catalyst loading: 1–2% (H2SO4, (v/v) for esterification and KOH, (w/w) for transesterification. The significance of the parameters obtained in linear and non-linear form from the models were determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimal operating conditions that gave minimum FFA of 0.26% were 52.19 C, 200 rpm, 2:1 (w/w) and 1.5% (v/v), while those that gave maximum yield of 92.16% SBD were 40 C, 800 rpm, 7:1 (w/w) and 1% (w/w). The p-value of <0.0001 for each of the stages showed that the models were significant with R2 of 0.96 each. These results indicate the reproducibility of the models and showed that the RSM is suitable to optimize the esterification and transesterification of SB for SBD production. Therefore, RSM is a useful tool that can be employed in industrial scale production of SBD from high FFA SB.
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    Performance Evaluation and Emission Characterisation of Biodiesel from Shea Butter on Compression Ignition Engime
    (Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 2020-02-20) Ajala, E.O.; Aberuagba, F.; Ajala, M.A; Ayanshola, A.M.
    Shea biodiesel (SBD) was produced and blended with diesel at various proportions to produce 100B (SBD), 75B, 50B, 25B, and D (diesel) as fuel types. The SBD and other fuel types were characterised by ASTM standard methods for its physicochemical properties. The fuel types were used in a compression ignition engine (CIE) to test for its fuel consumption, (FC) specific fuel consumption (SFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), exhaust temperature (ET) and emission characteristics hydrocarbon (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). The physicochemical properties of SBD in terms of density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, cloud and pour points, and cetane number were 884.7 kg/m3, 5.69 mm2/s, 165 oC, 12 oC, 9 oC and 55, respectively; while those of diesel were 860.4 kg/m3, 2.6 mm2/s, 73 oC, 2.4 oC, -9 oC and 49, respectively. The results were within the range of the standard. The results obtained at 12 Nm torque for SFC, FC, BTE, and ET for SBD were 0.21 kg/kW.h, 0.71 kg/h, 12.69%, and 365 oC, respectively, while those of diesel were 0.31 kg/kW.h, 1.12 kg/h, 8.46%, and 330 oC, respectively. These results show that the SBD and diesel possessed similarity in terms of performance. The SBD is environmentally friendly compared to diesel. This study shows that the SBD possessed quality alternative replacement to diesel suitable for a CIE.