Browsing by Author "Abdulkarim, A.A"

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    Hypoxaemia as a measure of disease severity in young hospitalized Nigerian children with pneumonia: A cross-sectional study.
    (South African Medical Association., 2015-01) Abdulkadir, Mohammed Baba; Ibraheem, Rasheedat; Johnson, 'WBR; Abdulkarim, A.A
    Background. Pneumonia remains a common cause of mortality among children in developing countries. Hypoxaemia is a common consequence of pneumonia in children. Objectives. To define the relationship between Hb oxygen saturation (SpO2) and parameters of outcome, duration of supplemental oxygen and duration of hospitalisation among children with pneumonia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out at the paediatric wards of a tertiary hospital in North-Central Nigeria. Two hundred children aged between 2 and 59 months with pneumonia seen at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital were recruited consecutively. Sociodemographic and clinical information regarding the illness was obtained. Hb SpO2 of subjects was recorded with a pulse oximeter at presentation. The primary outcome was the SpO2 of the children with pneumonia. Secondary outcome measures were disease outcome, duration of supplemental oxygen and duration of hospitalisation among children with pneumonia. Results. The prevalence of hypoxaemia among the children was 41.5% and their mean SpO2 was 90.4% (standard deviation (SD) 8.9%). Surviving children with hypoxaemia had a longer mean (SD) duration of hospitalisation of 6.9 (6.4) days compared with those without hypoxaemia (4.9 (2.7) days; p=0.001). Children with hypoxaemia spent a longer duration receiving supplemental oxygen compared with those without hypoxaemia (p=0.001). The case fatality rate from pneumonia was 8.5% (17 deaths). The risk of death among children with hypoxaemia was 48 times higher than among the non-hypoxaemic children. Conclusion. Hypoxaemia with increasing severity significantly predicts a longer duration of hospitalisation, duration on supplemental oxygen and poorer outcome in children with pneumonia.
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    Hypoxaemia in hospitalized under-five Nigerian children with pneumonia
    (West African College of Physicians and West African College of Surgeons., 2014) Ibraheem, Rasheedat; Johnson, 'WB; Abdulkarim, A.A
    BACKGROUND: Hypoxaemia constitutes a possible complication of severe respiratory illness which is often under-reported in developing countries. Therefore, the current study was carried out to determine the prevalence and clinical predictors of hypoxaemia in hospitalized under-five children with pneumonia in Ilorin, Nigeria. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 200 children aged between two months and five years with pneumonia recruited consecutively. Socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory data were obtained. The pulse oximetry measurement was recorded after a stable reading for at least one minute while the child was breathing room air. Hypoxaemia was defined as an arterial oxygen saturation of less than 90%. Data was analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 software. RESULTS: The male/female ratio was 1.5:1.The prevalence of hypoxaemia in the children with pneumonia was 41.5%.Using a linear regression analysis, the clinical features that were significantly associated with hypoxaemia were restlessness, lower chest wall indrawing, bronchial breath sounds and tender hepatomegaly (p<0.05 each). Restlessness had a sensitivity of 22.9%, specificity of 91.5%, while chest wall indrawing had a sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 53.3%. Bronchial breath sound had a sensitivity of 16.9%, a specificity of 95.7% whereas tender hepatomegaly had a sensitivity of 48.2% and specificity of 82.9%. CONCLUSION: There is a high local burden of pneumonia-associated hypoxaemia. Restlessness, chest wall indrawing, bronchial breath sounds and tender hepatomegaly could be useful in detecting pneumonia-related hypoxemia in poorly equipped health facilities.
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    Relationship between some risk factors of pneumonia and hypoxaemia in hospitalized Nigerian children.
    (Pan African Thoracic Society (PATS), 2014-09) Ibraheem, Rasheedat; Johnson, 'WBR; Abdulkarim, A.A
    There is a current body of knowledge linking various risk factors with the frequency of pneumonia and a fatal outcome. Despite this, there is a dearth of published data assessing the association between these risk factors of pneumonia and the occurrence of hypoxaemia. Thus, the current study was carried out to determine the relationship between the risk factors of pneumonia and hypoxaemia in hospitalised under-5 children at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. This is a descriptive study involving 200 children aged between 2 months and 5 years with pneumonia. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained. The pulse oximetry measurement was recorded after a stable reading for at least 1 minute while the child was breathing room air. Hypoxaemia was defined as an arterial oxygen saturation of less than 90%. Data were analysed using the SPSS 20.0 software package. There were 119 males and 81 females. Bronchopneumonia was identified in 168 (84.0%) of the children while lobar pneumonia was diagnosed in 32 (16.0%) children. After a multivariate logistic regression, low social status of the child was significantly associated with hypoxaemia, p=0.023. There was a negative correlation between the socio-economic status of the child, maternal age (years), maternal literacy level, birth order of the child, and of immunisation status with the presence of hypoxaemia (r= -0.191, -0.151, -0.162, -0.154, -0.148; p=0.007, 0.032, 0.022, 0.030, and 0.036, respectively). The study concluded that socio-economic class of the child was a risk factor of pneumonia associated with the presence of hypoxaemia.