Browsing by Author "Abdulkareem, K.A."

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Alleviation of Drought Stress in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) Using Organic Mulch
    (NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2022) Isiaka, Kareem; Ilerioluwa, O.I.; Yusuf, S.Y.; Lawal, Mujidat Temidayo; Abdulkareem, K.A.; Olayinka, B.U.
    Despite the importance of tomato in human nutrition, occurrence of drought stress constitutes a major bane to its bountiful production. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of organic mulch in improving growth, yield and quality of water stressed tomato. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The six treatments used in the experiment were normal irrigation with zero mulch, drought stress with zero mulch and drought stress with mulch at the rates of 10tons/ha, 15tons/ha, 20tons/ha and 25tons/ha. The organic mulch material used was maize husk and the tomato variety tested was Platinum 107 F1. Water deficit treatment was imposed at flowering stage (five weeks after transplanting (5WAT)) by applying 50% field capacity as irrigation water. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, number of flowers per plant and mass of fruit yield per plant. Furthermore, leaf proximate compositions (crude fat, crude protein, crude fibre, ash content and dry matter) and leaf chlorophyll content were determined. All the data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. Results from this research work showed that stressed plants without mulch application had a drastic reduction in all the measured parameters. The plants subjected to drought and treated with 20tons/ha mulch showed higher plant height, number of branches and yield as well as chlorophyll, fiber and ash content compared to the plants treated with 10tons/ha, 15tons/ha and 25t/ha mulch. It is, therefore, concluded that 20tons/ha mulch be used for alleviating drought stress condition in Platinum 107 F1 tomato variety in the study area when all the conditions in this research are maintained.
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    Comparative biodiversity assessment of weed species in monocropping plantations of University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
    (Institute for Enviroment and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, 2020) Olayinka, U.B.; Adeyemi, S.B.; Abdulkareem, K.A.; Olahan, G.S.; Lateef, A.A.; Garuba, T.; AbdulRahaman, A.A.
    The present study investigates the weed species diversity in four plantations of university of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria using quadrat method. The survey revealed two major life cycles (annual and perennial) and recorded a total of 88 weed species belonging to 32 families. Four species (Azadirachta indica, Daniellia oliveri, Desmodium tortuosum, and Tridax procumbens) were common in all the surveyed plantations while the family Fabaceae was the most dominant. The abundant weed species analysis showed a high importance value index and were more adapted to the plantations. Diversity analysis revealed high species richness in the sugarcane plantation. The non-canopy nature of the plantation, soil structure as well as ability to coexist with many other species may underscore the reasons for this pattern of diversity. The evenness and similarity indices between and across the plantations were generally low, thus, indicating varying diversity. As a result of the recorded variation in weed composition between and across the plantations, the study has provided an insight on the pattern of weed diversity in the studied plantations. The study recommended that the most abundant weed species populations be checked for the plantations to thrive. Finally, there is an urgent need to conserve weed species that are not only rare in abundance but also showed great social and economic values.
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    Effects of fungal filtrates on seed germination and leaf anatomy of maize seedlings (Zea mays L., Poaceae)
    (JASEM, University of Port Harcourt., 2014-12) Garuba T.; AbdulRahaman, A.A.; Olahan, G.S.; Abdulkareem, K.A.; Amadi, J.E.
    This study was carried out to investigate the effects of 7-day-old fungal filtrates of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from maize seeds on percentage germination, morphological and anatomical structures of maize seedlings. The seeds were soaked in culture filtrate of each fungus for 12hrs before planting. Blotter method was used to observe seed germination. Results showed that the percentage germination of the seeds treated with culture filtrates of A. niger and P. chrysogenum (65.33% and 79.67% respectively) was lower than the control (100%) and significantly different from each other at significant level of P ≥0.05. The leaf area showed significant difference between the experimental and control plants but there was no significant difference in the leaf number. The tetracytic stomatal complex type and wavy anticlinal walls remained constant in all the treatments and control. The stomatal index of seed treated with A. niger on abaxial leaf surface (43.61%) showed significant difference with adaxial leaf surface (31.97%). The treatments had no significant difference on stomatal density at abaxial surfaces. Reduction in stomatal size and density suggests physiological implication.
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    Effects of Sodium Azide and Nitrous Acid on the Morphology and Leaf Anatomy of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae)
    (The Society for the Conservation of Phytofuels and Sciences, Nigeria., 2013-09) AbdulRahaman, A.A.; Afolabi, A.A.; Olayinka, B.U.; Mustapha, O.T.; Abdulkareem, K.A.; Oladele, F.A.
    Morphological and anatomical effects of two chemomutagens namely sodium azide and nitrous acid were studied on Jatropha curcas. Seeds were soaked in the two mutagens at various concentrations (1mM, 2mM, 3mM and 4mM) for 4 hours and later rinsed in the distilled water to remove excess mutagens. The seeds were later air dried and planted in plastic pots for observations for 12 weeks. Results shown increase in the seedling height, number of leaves, high frequency of paracytic stomata, higher stomatal index and density on the abaxial leaf surface and large stomata in seedlings induced with sodium azide (1mMNaN3 and 2mMNaN3). Also nitrous acid along with the sodium azide enhanced higher stomatal index and density, and large stomata. The effects of sodium azide especially 1mMNaN3 and 2mMNaN3 induced beneficial traits in morphology and anatomy of J. curcas than nitrous acid.
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    Hazard assessment and cytogenotoxic effect of different concentrations of mercury chloride sterilant using the Allium cepa assay
    (2024) Animasaun, D.A.; Adedibu, P.A.; Afolabi, S.O.,; Abdulkareem, K.A.; Ibrahim, S.; Krishnamurthy, R
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    INFLUENCE OF SEED PRIMING ON YIELD, MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER-DEFICIT STRESSED LOWLAND RICE
    (Annals of West University of Timişoara, ser. Biology,, 2021) Kareem, Isiaka; Ismail, M.R.; Puteh, A.B.; Kareem, S.A.; Lawal, O.I.; Adekola, O.F.; Abdulkareem, K.A.; Olayinka, B.U.; Abdulaziz, Ayinla; Ahmed, Oladimeji; Baba, H.S.; Kuranga, H.A.; Lawal, Q.O.; Musa, A.I.; Yusuf, Sa'adat Yetunde; Lawal, Mujidat Temidayo; Oyelade, Y.O.
    One of the potential ways of increasing rice production to cater for ever increasing population of Malaysia is to extend the production area of lowland rice through its production as upland rice. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effects of seed priming in alleviating water deficit stress in lowland rice produced as upland rice. The treatments used were 100mM calcium chloride dihydrate for duration of 48hours and temperature of 25oC, 40% w/v polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 for a duration of 48hours and temperature of 25oC, 100ppm kinetin for a duration of 24hours and temperature of 4oC, 200ppm methyl jasmonate for a duration of 24hours and temperature of 4oC, stressed control (unprimed seeds) and the unstressed control (unprimed seeds with adequate irrigation). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on classical growth parameters, germination pattern, gas exchange characteristics, yield and yield components. It was found that priming MR219 rice with PEG could enable the variety to be produced as upland rice with little yield reduction because PEG priming was the best in individual seed mass, final yield, harvest index and water use efficiency. It is, therefore, concluded that 48hours of priming with 40%w/v polyethylene glycol at 25oC be used for MR219 rice seeds whenever MR219 rice variety is to be cultivated as upland rice.
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    Molecular characterization of potential crop pathogens associated with weeds as endophytes in Unilorin plantations, Nigeria.
    (College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Jadriah, Baghdad, Iraq., 2022-05-20) Lateef, A.A.; Garuba, T.; Abdulkareem, K.A.; Olayinka, B.U.; Olahan, G.S.; Adeyemi, S.B.; AbdulRahaman, A.A.
    Crop diseases are usually caused by inoculum of pathogens which might exist on alternate hosts or weeds as endophytes. These endophytes, cum pathogens, usually confer some beneficial attributes to these weeds or alternate hosts from protection against herbivores, disease resistance, stress tolerance to secondary metabolites production. This study was therefore carried out to isolate potential crop pathogens which exist as endophytes on weed species in the University of Ilorin plantations. Green asymptomaticleaves were collected from 10 weed species across the plantations, and processed for their endophytic fungi isolation. Isolates were purified into pure cultures and used for molecular identification using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the fungal sequences using MEGA software revealed 9 fungal genera belonging to 13 species, with species in the genera Curvularia, Epicoccumand Daldiniaoccurring in more than one weed species, while other genera such as Alternaria, Fusarium, Chaetomium, Macrophomina, Arthriniumand Phomopsisoccurred in just one weed species each. Daldinia eschscholtziiwas isolated in this study as an endophyte from Loudetia arundinaceafor the first time. This plant is very abundant in Nigeria and Africa where it is used majorly for thatching and feeding livestocks. This also represents the first endophytic fungi from the genus Loudetia. Potential relationship between the occurrences of these fungi as endophytes and as pathogens are discussed. These discoveries represent the first large-scale molecular identification and several first reports of endophytes from these weed species. These results also represent the first records of some of these fungi in Nigeria.
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    Stressful Effect of Different Rates of Nitrogen Starter Dose on Nodulation, Growth, Proximate Composition and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max)
    (NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2022) Kareem, Isiaka; Lawal, Q.O; Olayinka, B.U; Abdulkareem, K.A.; Lawal, Mujidat Temidayo; Yusuf, Sa'adat Yetunde
    Despite the fact that high nitrogen content in the soil can impede nodule formation in soybean, the need for addition of nitrogen fertilizer as a starter dose to supplement the actions of N-fixing bacteria is a necessity because it restores the drained nutrient and results in high yield. To evaluate the stressful effects of different rates of N fertilizer starter dose, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of N fertilizer starter dose on nodulation, growth, proximate composition and yield of soybean. Urea was applied at the rates 0, 50, 75 and 100 kgN/ha at planting using side placement method. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Growth assessment was through taking data on plant height, number of branches, number of leaves and internode length. Also, data on nodulation, yield and yield attributes were taken. Proximate compositions (crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and ash content) were also determined. It was found that 100 kgN/ha of N-fertilizer improved the total nodulation by 33.95% compared with the control. The yield was greatest with application of 100 kgN/ha compared with other application rates because there was 20% yield increase compared with the control. For the proximate composition, crude protein content was 7% above the control with application of 50 kgN/ha. Furthermore, crude fat content was 37% better than the control with the application of 100 kgN/ha. It was concluded that for profitable soybean production in the study area, the use N fertilizer like urea at 50 kgN/ha as a starter dose is recommended because of its cheapness and high yield that resulted from its application to the crop. Finally, nitrogen starter dose up to 100kgN/ha did not constitute stress to production of soybean variety under test.