Browsing by Author "Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq"

Now showing 1 - 16 of 16
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    Asymmetric Maritime Security Threats: A Factor in the Nigerian Terrorism Eccentricity
    (Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, Abuja, Nigeria., 2014) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq
    Abstract A distinct development in international security with respect to the post-Cold War era is the problem and phenomenal rise of Asymmetric threat. Asymmetric security threathas been identified as the most pervasive challenge to international stability because it is a kind of security threats posed by radical non-state armed groups. With the development towards globalisation and increasing interconnection between nations of the world, these threats go beyond state systems. The devastating effects of the terrorist attack on the United States (US) on 9 September 2001 (colloquially referred to as ‘9/11’), the shocking attacks of Madrid, London, Delhi, Mumbai, among others have greatly underscored terrorism’s global connection and its potential to infringe upon the sovereignty and integrity of states. Terrorist activities have exposed innocent citizens to series of attack thereby causing loss of lives and property. The attacks are being made possible majorly through the importation of harms and dangerous weapons in the Nigerian maritime borders as exemplified in the bombing of Army Barracks, Jaji in Kaduna State, where it was alleged that those weapons were imported from Brazil and the US. This paper argues that the Nigerian upheavals and insecurity in the hands of terrorist groups in recent times have interconnection with international armed groups on one hand and porous maritime boarders on the other hand. The paper suggests a proactive security measures in the Nigerian maritime borders to curtail the excesses of Asymmetric insurgents.
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    Commentaries on the case of John Kadiya v. John Wash Pam & 1 other (Suit No. JD/EP/3/79),
    (Faculty of Law, University of Ilorin, 2015) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq
    NIL
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    Constitutional Crisis on the Removal of Chief Judge of a State or CJN
    (Department of Jurisprudence and International Law, Faculty of Law, Kogi State University, Anyingba, 2010) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq
    NIL
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    The Criminal Underworld of the Nigerian Maritime Domain.
    (College of Law, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara State., 2015) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq
    Abstract Sea piracy is regarded as a major maritime security issue in the Gulf of Guinea. The numbers of piracy incidents around the Horn of Africa and Gulf of Guinea in recent years have increased due to breakdown of good governance in onshore of Somalia, Nigeria and some other African countries. This paper examines the causes of piracy in the Nigerian maritime domain. It also appraises the impact of piratical activities on the economic development of the nation as well as governmental efforts to curb the scourge. It argues that the development of an effective business plan by pirates and the initial lackadaisical attitude of the Nigerian government to deal with the situation are major factors responsible for the increase in the criminal underworld of the Nigerian maritime domain.While considering various strategies which have been adopted in other parts of the world, the paper recommends effective Surface Surveillance System, Bilateral Arrangement, Regional Maritime Awareness, among others as panacea to tackle the menace of piracy in Nigeria.
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    Custodial Torture: A Naked Violation of Human Right Degradation.
    (Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, Kogi State University, Anyingba, 2010) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq; Ismail A. M.; Imam-Tamim, M.K
    NIL
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    Environmental Problems in Nigerian Maritime Sector.
    (Department of Jurisprudence and Private Law, Obafemi Awolowo University, (O.A.U), Ife., 2014) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq; Ijaiya, H.O.; Arikewuyo-Ajumobi, A.E.
    The Maritime sector occupies a very important position in the economy of nations all over the world as it embraces all the maritime related activities which take place within the country's maritime environment. The growing environmental awareness and a number of oil tanker disaster in the 1960s and 1970s attracted the attention of the international community on the human activities affecting marine environment. The series of oil tankers disasters informed the United Nations global conference held in Stockholm .
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    Marine and Environmental Conservation: A Survey of Islamic Principles towards Accountability and Proper Governance
    (Faculty of Law, Kogi State University, Anyingba, Nigeria, 2014) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq
    ABSTRACT The concept of stewardship of the environment is not alien to Islam for many verses in the Holy Quran speak of the Earth and all natural resources being a gift from Allah to mankind and that man is a khalifah(trustee) of all these divine gifts. The Quran also mentions that man will be tested in these gifts thus, underlining the concept of accountability to Allah in the administration of land and the environment generally. This paper seeks to identify and elaborate on Islamic concepts relating to accountability of man in environmental management and showing their relevance to contemporary governance and administration. It will be demonstrated that there is rich Islamic jurisprudence relating to environmental management that can be relied upon to create a harmonious balance between development and conservation in environmental management in the contemporary world today.
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    MV Marevia Carriage of Electronic and Toxic Waste: Legality or Illegality of Penalty Imposed and Its Implications on Maritime Commerce
    (Faculty of Law, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, 2015) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq
    Abstract On the 5th January, 2013 a Merchant Vessel by name M.V Marevia sailed through the sea from the United Kingdom to the Nigerian Maritime domain specifically to unload certain cargoes at the Nigerian port of Lagos. The Nigerian port security agents namely, Customs, State Security Services (SSS), Nigerian Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency, etc. that were on ground to enforce various Nigerian laws regulating importation of dangerous cargo, arms and ammunition and other destructive devices detained the M.V Marevia Vessel for the importation of containers containing toxic materials which were considered dangerous to human health. In its reaction to discourage the importation of dangerous goods, the Federal Government of Nigeria awarded a sum of USD 1 million against the ship owner. This paper argues that in as much as the importation of dangerous cargo is prohibited under the relevant Nigerian law, the penalty imposed against the vessel owner lacks legal support and it will not promote maritime commerce. Therefore, this paper examines the various Nigerian laws with the aim of bringing out penalties for such occurrence and urges the government to amend the laws in order to meet the test of time.
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    Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency: An Explication of Its Powers of Enforcement in Nigerian Maritime Domain
    (Faculty of Law, University of Jos., 2016) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq
    ABSTRACT The Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency is an agency of the Federal government under the Ministry of Transportation. It has the responsibility of ensuring maritime security and safety among others. The agency isbestowed with powers of enforcement against ships that flouts any of the provisions of NIMASA Act. This paper examines the power of appointing authority to the position of Director-General of the agency and argues that the appointments had been marred with controversy and insincerity in recent times as the requirement of the Act were not taken into cognisance. This paper also considers the general responsibilities of the agency as well as enforcement paradigm against erring ships towards prevention of marine pollution, efforts by NIMASA to actualisingits mandate and the challenges facing the agency. It evaluatesthe constitutional roles of the Nigerian Navy in respect of national and international maritime law, conventions, practices and customs which the country acceded. It concludes that NIMASA is imbued with the power to board, inspect, arrest and take appropriate judicial proceedings in consonance with NIMASA Act 2007 and UNCLOS 1982 but the functions are rarely utilised.
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    The Notion ‘Charity Begins at Home’ in English and Islamic Laws: A Comparative Evaluation
    (Faculty of Law, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria., 2016) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq; Sambo, A.O; Abdulkadir, B. A; Mwinyi, T. H
    NIL
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    Preventing Armageddon: Implementation of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code in Nigeria
    (Department of Jurisprudence and Private Law, Obafemi Awolowo University, (O.A.U), Ife., 2013) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq
    Abstract Implementation of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code to a large extent prevents disasters associated with containers. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted the ISPS Code that is being applied by some member states. The ISPS Code is a device reporting relevant security-related developments, assessing their potential effect on the trading systems, international transport and expounding the application of the innovative security measures. Most existing regulatory security policies utilise a standard set of apparatus and various stages to determine the scope of potential risks and the effect of threats vis-à-vis the security of the maritime network. The development and application of management techniques, risk assessment and economic impact to maritime security must take into consideration the complex regulatory framework of port security in Nigeria. Nigerian ports are urged to comply with the provision of the ISPS Code under the Nigerian Ports Authority Act 2004. However, research has shown that Nigerian ports are yet to comply with ISPS Code. The paper posits that the degree of non-compliance is responsible for the vulnerability and series of attacks taking place in the Nigerian maritime domain. This in a way is affecting the level at which arms, ammunitions and other dangerous substances are being imported into Nigeria as there is no device to follow the movement of the incoming vessels. This paper concludes that the gap in the implementation of the ISPS Code which culminated in the manual search of containers at various ports in Nigeria makes the boarder ports vulnerable and porous.
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    Right of Children to Life: Hindsights and Interface of Shariah and Nigerian Child Law
    (Department of Islamic Law, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Kwara State, 2017) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq; Abdulraheem T.A
    The Death of Nigerian Children is quite alarming and among the factors responsible for this include lack of proper protection on the part of the government as well as the parents. Protection of children's life includes prohibition of ways that lead to the termination of their lives to wit; abortion, Euthanasia and lack of adequate health care like malnutrition and other deadly diseases.
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    The Threat, Reality and Tragedy of Maritime Environmental Pollution in Nigeria
    (Faculty of Law, University of Jos., 2017) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq
    ABSTRACT Maritime environmental pollution has caused serious damages to human health and its environment.Many factors are responsible for environmental pollution in the maritime sector to wit: air pollution, discharges at sea, ship recycling, noise, collisions with whales, oil pollution and solid waste. This paper examines the reality of maritime environmental pollutionas it affects human health and its environment by way ofenvironmental impacts from ocean shipping, impacts of oil spill incidents on Nigerian maritime environment,human health, marine living resources and maritime security. The paper argues that in order to reduce the tragic flaws of maritime environmental pollutionin Nigeria, there is need for designation of Special Area as practiced in other jurisdiction to reduce pollution in water among others to avert threats of avoidable maritime pollution. The paper therefore concludes that there should provision of standardised onshore power supply in ports, harbours and ships burn fuel to generate electricity for lighting, machinery and other onboard at berth to monitor erring ships.
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    Trans-boundary Harms: An Exegesis of the Challenges of the Legal Framework on Maritime Security in Nigeria
    (Faculty of Law, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State., 2015) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq; Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq
    Sea piracy is regarded as a major maritime security issue in the Gulf of Guinea. The numbers of piracy incidents around the Horn of Africa and Gulf of Guinea in recent years have increased due to breakdown of good governance in onshore of Somalia, Nigeria and some other African countries. This paper examines the causes of piracy in the Nigerian maritime domain. It also appraises the impact of piratical activities on the economic development of the nation as well as governmental efforts to curb the scourge. It argues that the development of an effective business plan by pirates and the initial lackadaisical attitude of the Nigerian government to deal with the situation are major factors responsible for the increase in the criminal underworld of the Nigerian maritime domain. The paper recommends effective Surface Surveillance System, Bilateral Arrangement, Regional Maritime Awareness, among others as panacea to tackle the menace of piracy in Nigeria.
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    Unifying and Infusing Knowledge with Islamic Values: An Appraisal of Epistemological and Civilization Necessity
    (University of Ilorin, 2018) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq
    ABSTRACT Islam is dynamic and broad to accommodate a variety of perspectives as it concerns with the totality of truth and considers the pursuit of knowledge within the value framework of Islam. Islamisation of Knowledge in the present intellectual adventure is developed as a new model of study, exploring and reconciling the epistemological viewpoint based on Islamic spirit in contradistinction with western secular studies. Islamisation of knowledge is viewed as an epistemological and civilisation necessity not only for the Muslim Ummah, but also for mankind at large. This paper examines the concept of Islamisation of Knowledge and methods of achieving it. It argues that Muslim Ummahis uniquely qualified to reconstruct human knowledge through an integrative approach and comprehensive reading of the Qur’an and Sunnah. It concludes that the overarching reason for Islamisation of knowledge is the deep depression of dualism, secularization and blind imitation which Muslim societies had fallen into.
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    Vessel-Sourced Pollution: A Security Threat in Malaysian Waters
    (Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, 2014) Abdulkadir O. Abdulrazaq
    Abstract Vessel- sourced pollution is one of the major sources of marine pollution and it encompasses accidental discharge of oil, intentional discharge of oil (like discharge from ballast tanks), chemicals, dumping, etc. The United Nations Conventionon the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 1982 and some other conventions make provisions concerning protection of marine environment and this has the support of many other regional, national and global institutions. In Malaysia, the consent of the relevant authority is required for a discharge of oil that is above the quantity allowed under the law. However, despite the fact that there have been enormous regulations on the pollution of the marine in Malaysia, it appears that pollution by vessels is still on the increase. The legal framework stipulating conditions for discharge of oil at seas are well founded in many jurisdictions like Malaysia but some of the legal regulation appears to be inadequate, thereby threatening sea’s environment and causing the irreparable damage to marine resources and human safety. The paper considers the number of ships that traverse the straits of Malacca and the implications of pollution arising therefrom. It recommends for consent of the appropriate authority and a stiffer penalty for every discharge of oil by vessel in order to avert hazardous damage arising from pollution by ships.