These and Dissertations from the Department of Chemistry

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Browsing These and Dissertations from the Department of Chemistry by Author "BUSARI Hassan Kehinde"

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    SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOME 3D BLOCK METAL IONS- QUINOLINYL IMIDAZOLE COMPLEXES
    (University of Ilorin, 2025) BUSARI Hassan Kehinde
    The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and chronic inflammatory diseases poses a substantial concern in contemporary medicine. Numerous existing medications exhibit restricted efficacy; hence it becomes imperative to discover new drugs to combat this problem. This research aimed at synthesizing, characterizing, and evaluating antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of mixed ligand metal complexes of quinoline carboxylic acids and imidazole derivatives. Transition metals, when reacted with drugs can improve the efficacy of the emerging drug. The objectives of this study were to: (i) synthesize mixed ligand metal complexes of quinoline carboxylic acids with selected imidazole ligands; (ii) characterize the complexes using standard analytical and spectroscopic techniques; (iii) determine the antimicrobial activity of the metal complexes; and (iv) investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the complexes. The complexes were synthesized by mixing selected metal salt solution with solution of the ligand(s) and stirred at 40 oC or 50 oC to yield the corresponding compounds. The compounds were structurally characterized using Elemental analysis (CHN), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Ultra-Violet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Single crystal X-ray diffraction technique (SCXRD). The in-vitro antimicrobial efficacies of the metal complexes against four bacterial and three fungal isolates were evaluated using broth dilution method and p-iodonitrotetrazolium (INT) assays. The in-vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using protein denaturation assay. The findings of the study were that: i.seventeen (17) complexes were synthesized and formulated as: [Zn(q2c)2(mim)2] (1); [Cu(q2c)2(mim)2] (2); [Cu(q2c)2(mim)] (3); [Co(q2c)2(mim)2] (4); [Ni(q2c)2(mim)2] (5); [Zn(q2c)2(mim)] (6); [Zn(q2c)2(bim)2] (7); [Cu(q2c)2(bim)2] (8); [Co(q2c)2(bim)2] (9); [Ni(q2c)2(bim)2] (10); [Cu(q2c)2(pim)2] (11); [Zn(q2c)2(pim)2] (12); [Co(q2c)2(pim)2] (13); [Ni(q2c)2(pim)2] (14); [Cu(q4c)4(bim)2] (15); [Zn(q4c)4(bim)2] (16); [Cu(q4c)4(mim)2] (17). Compound 4, 6, and 7 were obtained as single crystals; ii.the spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic techniques revealed that the coordination modes of the metal ions to the ligands were either monodentate or bidentate with different geometries. SCXRD study revealed complex 4 to have crystallized in the system, space group , while 6 and 7 crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n. The SCXRD also confirmed square pyramidal structure for 4 and octahedral geometry for 6 and 7; iii.the synthesized compounds exhibited remarkable in vitro antimicrobial activity. All the microorganisms tested were susceptible to the synthesised compounds with S. pyogens the most susceptible with MIC value of 7.9-15.7 µg/mL; and iv.the result of the anti-inflammatory activity showed that compounds 2, 5, 10, 15 and 16 have higher activity than the standard drug, diclofenac, as obtained from their IC50 values. The study concluded that the complexes exhibited antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities compared to the ligands. The study, therefore, recommended that compounds 2, 5, 10, 15 and 16 can serve as good anti-inflammatory agents.compounds 2, 5, 10, 15 and 16 can serve as good anti-inflammatory agents.