Toxicity of derivatized citrulline and extracts of water melon rind (Citrullus lanatus) on root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita).
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Date
2021
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Tropical Agriculture. University of West Indies, Trinidad.
Abstract
Constituents of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind were extracted in ethanol and derivatized to produce white water
soluble crystals designated as derivatized citrulline. The derivatized citrulline, chromatographic fractions and ethanolic
crude extracts from Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) were assessed in the laboratory and screenhouse on possible toxicity to
Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & Chitwood). The structure elucidation of the citrulline derivative (CTRL/DRVT) and
chromatographic fractions (CMTG/FRCT) were established with spectral data from infrared (FTIR), 1H/13C-NMR
spectroscopy as well as gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). The infrared spectral data of the derivatized
citrulline revealed a prominent absorption bands at 3431 cm-1 which is characteristic of N-H stretching vibration of primary
amides. The bands at 1506 and 1456 cm-1 further support the presence of an amide group. The major compounds identified
from GC-MS analysis of fractions include hydroxycinnamic acid (17.16%) p-anisic acid (16.10%) and chlorogenic acid
(16.22%). 1H-NMR data showed chemical shifts at δ 0.85, 0.88, 1.26, 1.33, 1.37, 1.60, 4.6, 4.6 ppm. The resonance at 0.8 -
1.37ppm is attributed to methyl and methylene protons. The down field signals at 4.6 ppm are ascribed to olefinic protons.
The derivatized citrulline, had a significant action on percentage mortality of M. incognita juveniles. 19.10% mortality was
achieved after 24 hours of juvenile exposure as opposed to 5.57% and 6.13% noted in the fractions and carbofuran (CBFN)
respectively. At day six, percentage juvenile mortality in derivatized citrulline was remarkably similar to the observed value
in carbofuran. Egg hatch in derivatized citrulline, fractions and carbofuran was inhibited maximally, while hatches were
recorded in crude extract and control. In the screenhouse, vegetative growth of Corchorus olitorius (L) plants treated with
derivatized citrulline, was appreciable and nematode population was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced in C. olitorius plants
treated with chromatographic fractions and derivatized citrulline. The derivatized citrulline prepared in this study by semisynthetic method can serve as an alternative to environmentally hazardous synthetic nematicides.
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Research Subject Categories::FORESTRY, AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES and LANDSCAPE PLANNING
Citation
Fabiyi, O. A. and Olatunji, G. A. (2021). Toxicity of derivatized citrulline and extracts of water melon rind (Citrullus lanatus) on root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Tropical Agriculture. 98(4): 347-355.