THE CYCLING OF MATTERS AND ENERGY IN ECOSYSTEMS
| dc.contributor.author | Agaja Toluwalope Mubo | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-04-16T10:07:55Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-04-16T10:07:55Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Ecosystems on earth contain diverse forms of life and have unique needs to sustain these life-forms. An ecosystem is composed habitats, each made up of biotic and abiotic factors. An ecosystem has been defined as a dynamic entity composed of a biological community and its associated abiotic environment. Often the dynamic interactions that occur within an ecosystem are numerous and complex. Ecosystems are also always undergoing alterations to their biotic and abiotic components (Pidwny, 2020). Growth in human populations increased conversion of natural ecosystems to agricultural, industrial, residential use and demand for ecosystem inputs, such as fresh water, fiber, and soil fertility, as well as increased pressure on the capacity of natural ecosystems. Deforestation, expanding agriculture, illegal fishing and hunting, unplanned tourism, and pollution by pesticides have also caused a progressive deterioration of natural habitats (Shende et al., 2015). Human activities have mobilized Earth elements and accelerated their cycles. For example, more than double the amount of reactive nitrogen that has been added to the bio-sphere since pre-industrial times (Galloway et al.,2014). Human activities have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 40% over pre-industrial levels and more than doubled the amount of nitrogen available to ecosystems. Similar trends have been observed for phosphorus and other elements, and these changes have major consequences for biogeochemical cycles and climate change. | |
| dc.identifier.citation | 4. Agaja, T.M (2021). The Cycling of Matters and Energy in Ecosystem. In Social Science for Beginners Volume I. Ifabiyi, I.P et al., (ed.), 88-103. Published by the Faculty of Social Science, University of Ilorin. | |
| dc.identifier.isbn | 978-0-7566-3409-8 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://uilspace.unilorin.edu.ng/handle/123456789/15067 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.publisher | Faculty of Social Science, University of Ilorin | |
| dc.title | THE CYCLING OF MATTERS AND ENERGY IN ECOSYSTEMS | |
| dc.type | Book chapter |