Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. Stem Bark Extract
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Date
2021
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Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science
Abstract
Citrus limon is traditionally use for the treatment of several ailments including infectious diseases. This
study was designed to evaluate antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities of Citrus limon stem bark
extract. The plant material was collected, authenticated, air-dried and pulverized. Two hundred grams of
powdered plant material was extracted into distilled methanol by cold maceration and the extract was
concentration in a vacuo. The extract was subjected to in vitro phytochemical screening and bioassays
including; antiproliferative assay (Sorghum bicolor radicle and Allium cepa root growth inhibitory assays)
and antimicrobial susceptibility against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter ferundii and
Candida albicans. Phytochemical evaluation detected the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and cardiac
glycoside in the extract. The extract displayed concentration-dependent antiproliferative activity with an IC50
of 1.10±0.07 and 0.62±0.04 mg/mL compared to cyclophosphamide (IC50 of 0.17±0.02 and 0.83±0.08
mg/mL) for Sorghum bicolor radical growth and Allium cepa root growth inhibitory assays, respectively. The
extract displayed antimicrobial activity with the highest activity against Escherichia coli and Citrobacter
ferundii with activity indices of 0.68 and 0.59, respectively compared to gentamicin. Citrus limon stem bark
extract displayed antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities.
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Keywords
Citrus limon, Antiproliferative, Antimicrobial, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter ferundii