Determination of Some Physical Properties of Almond Seed Related to the Design of Food Processing Machines
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Date
2016
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Faculty Physical Sciences and Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
Abstract
In this study, some selected physical properties of two varieties of Almond seed (Red and White)
grown in Nigeria were determined. The physical properties of Red Almond were Major
Diameter (49.35±4.16mm), Intermediate Diameter (33.05±2.79mm), Minor Diameter
(23.37±2.31mm), Weight (10.20±2.24g), Geometric mean diameter (33.59±2.41mm), Arithmetic
mean Diameter (35.26±2.45mm), Surface Area (3564.6±524.1mm2
), Sphericity (68.3±4.36%),
Volume (0.5023±0.07cm3
), Density (19.53±3.82g/cm3
) while values of coefficient of static
friction of 0.45±0.04, 0.40±0.06 and 0.52±0.06 were recorded for glass, metal and wood surface
respectively in red almond. Also values of angle of internal friction of 24.12 ± 1.92, 21.93±3.00
and 27.50± 2.64 were recorded for glass, metal and wood surfaces in red almond. The properties
of white Almond were: Major diameter (61.26±4.15mm), Intermediate diameter
(29.61±3.05mm), Minor diameter (21.52±1.59mm), Weight (10.9±1.52g), Geometric mean
diameter (33.86±2.09mm), Arithmetic mean diameter (37.47±2.13mm), Surface area
(3616.10±453.7mm2
), Sphericity (55.39±3.46%), Volume (0.51±0.06cm3
), Density
(22.33±3.48g/cm3
) while values of coefficient of static friction of 0.41±0.06, 0.41±0.07 and
0.51±0.05 were recorded for glass, metal and wood surface respectively in white almond. Also
values of angle of internal friction of 22.20± 2.76, 22.38 ±3.45 and 26.96± 2.23 were recorded
for glass, metal and wood surfaces in white almond. Statistical test (independent t test) on the
properties showed there were significant difference at 5% level between Red Almond and White
Almond.These properties are also needed for analytical prediction of the drying behaviour of
agricultural materials. These properties are also use to determine heat transfer in agricultural
materials.
Description
Keywords
Almond seed, Processing design, Characteristics, Geometric, surface area, diameter