Optimisation and Performance Evaluation of Brake Pad from Bauhinia Thonningii Pods

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dc.contributor.authorPopoola, O. T.
dc.contributor.authorIbrahim, H. K.
dc.contributor.authorZakariyya, S. O.
dc.contributor.authorYessoufou, B. W.
dc.contributor.authorYusuf, H.
dc.contributor.authorOlayiwola, M.
dc.date.accessioned2026-05-12T03:25:09Z
dc.date.available2026-05-12T03:25:09Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractThe toxicity of asbestos, a traditional friction material in brake pads, has driven the search for sustainable alternatives. This study explores the use of Bauhinia thonningii pods (BTP) as reinforcement in non-asbestos organic (NAO) brake pad composites. The pods were chemically treated with 5% NaOH and H2O2, sieved into three grain sizes, and fabricated via cold pressing and oven curing. Using Design Expert™ software, 23 runs of formulation constituents (Bauhinia, alumina, and calcium carbonate) and 17 runs of process parameters (compaction pressure, time, curing temperature, and duration) were optimized for Physico-mechanical and tribological properties (density, hardness, and coefficient of friction) of BTP brake pads. The properties of the optimised BTP brake pad were evaluated and compared with the commercial brake pad (CBP) AUTO-BOSS D2217. The results revealed that finer BTP grain size and lower pod content improved hardness and density, while higher alumina content enhanced frictional stability. Increased compaction pressure and curing temperature improved hardness and density, whereas extended curing time stabilised the coefficient of friction (COF) and enhanced wear resistance. The optimised BTP brake pad showed higher density, hardness, wear resistance, with lower COF (2.72 g/cm³, 284.86 HV, 10.12 mm/mm³, and 0.437) than CBP (1.52 g/cm³, 206.94 HV, 4.17 mm/mm³, and 0.3535), demonstrating improved mechanical and tribological properties.
dc.identifier.citationPopoola, O.T., Ibrahim, H. K., Zakariyya, S. O., Yessoufou, B. W., Yusuf, H.& Olayiwola, M. (2026). Optimisation and Performance Evaluation of Brake Pad from Bauhinia Thonningii Pods, Journal of Engineering Innovation and Sustainability, 2(1), 19-35
dc.identifier.otherhttp://doi.org/10.63474/jeis.v2i1.67
dc.identifier.urihttps://uilspace.unilorin.edu.ng/handle/123456789/18337
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFaculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin
dc.relation.ispartofseries2; 1
dc.subjectWear
dc.subjectBrake pad
dc.subjecthardness
dc.subjectOptimisation
dc.subjectBauhinia Thonningii Pods
dc.titleOptimisation and Performance Evaluation of Brake Pad from Bauhinia Thonningii Pods
dc.typeArticle

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