Aspect of Geochemical and Water Quality Studies of Parts of Southern Bida Basin, Southwestern Nigeria
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Date
2023-11
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Abstract
This study aims at assessing geochemical characteristics and water quality status of water samples from parts Southern Bida basin in order to identify the physicochemical characteristics, hydrochemical facies, and geochemical signatures of the water sources through analyses and indepth discussion of eighty-three (83) groundwater samples. pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate, had average values of 6.2,
344.8S/cm, 179.6mg/l, 31.2mg/l, 30mg/l, 44mg/l, and 84.8mg/l, respectively. Rock-water interaction is the main determinant of groundwater chemistry, and CaHCO3 is the dominant groundwater facies. Indicating the dominance of alkalis over alkaline earth elements, the chloroalkaline indices show that 90% of the samples are undergoing reverse cation exchange reactions. Geochemical modeling using saturation index revealed that groundwater is under-saturated in
comparison to the surrounding system. Total dissolved solids (TDS) measured in the samples have positive correlation coefficients of 0.66, 0.63, 0.73, and 0.85 with Na, K, SO4, and Cl respectively. This suggests that these major ions are the major sources of TDS. Three factors were identified through factor analysis: A, B, and C which account for 41%, 20% and 9% of the total variance respectively. A comparison of the ion concentrations with globally accepted recommended values revealed that 90% of the parameters were generally within acceptable ranges and thus suitable for drinking except restricted elevation of chloride while 85% of the groundwater sample fell within the suitability range of the irrigation suitability charts.
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Keywords
Groundwater, Hydrochemical, Factor Analysis, Water Quality, Physicochemical
Citation
Olaleye, I.M., Ige, O.O. and Okeke, C.J. (2023). Aspect of Geochemical and Water Quality Studies of Parts of Southern Bida Basin, Southwestern Nigeria. Water Resources, Journal of the Nigerian Association of Hydrogeologists. 33 (1): 85-103