Utilization of constructed wetlands for dye removal: A concise review

Abstract

Water discharges from the textile industry are the main environmental concern and the chemicals it carries. Industrial fields such as textile, rubber, paint, leather, paper, cosmetics and dyeing systematically use toxic dyes, causing severe pollution of water and environmental problems, which in turn threaten human health, aquatic life and the environment. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are low-energy, environmentally friendly, and natural treatment systems. CWs are well known for their ability to remove suspended solids, nutrients, and biological oxygen demand from domestic wastewater. It has been demonstrated that CWs can remove dye from textile wastewater. CWs harbour a great variety of microbial communities that enhance the efficacy of removing contaminants from wastewater. This chapter reviewed the classification of dye and the role of phytoremediation in the decontamination of dye-containing wastewater. Overall, this chapter essentially presents an overview of the concepts of different kinds of CW for dye removal.