Heavy Metals, Proximate Analysis and Brine Shrimp Lethality of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum Growing in Crude Oil-Rich Delta State, Nigeria
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Date
2021-11-24
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Abstract
Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Ocimum gratissimum (OG) are among the most frequently consumed vegetables in Kokori and Abraka communities of Delta State, Nigeria. However, the continuous crude oil exploration and spillages in Kokori may threaten their safety for use as food and medicine. Twelve samples of VA and OG obtained from crude oil-rich and crude oil-free communities were comparatively analysed for proximate composition, heavy metals, and cytotoxicity. Data
obtained were subjected to various multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), biplot, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), to investigate the correlations between the vegetables from the different communities and the effect of crude oil exploration and spill on plant biomass. Results obtained indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the proximate composition of VA and OG and higher heavy metal content for VA from the crude oil-spill Kokori. Two VA collections from Kokori were exceptionally toxic to cellular crustaceans.
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proximate analysis, brine shrimp assay, crude oil exploration, atomic absorption spectrometry
Citation
Diyaolu, O.A.; Attah, A.F.; Oluwabusola, E.T.; Moody, J.O.; Jaspars, M.; Ebel, R. Heavy Metals, Proximate Analysis and Brine Shrimp Lethality of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum Growing in Crude Oil-Rich Delta State, Nigeria. Foods 2021, 10, 2913. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/foods10122913