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Surveillance for avian influenza virus in captive wild birds and indigenous chickens in Nigeria

Tropical Animal Health and Production (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

Several reports of avian influenza virus (AIV) have been made on commercial chickens and wild birds in sub-Saharan Africa, but there is paucity of information of AIV among captive wild birds and indigenous chickens. Blood samples were obtained randomly from captive wild birds and chickens. AIV nucleoprotein antibody detection involved the use of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and subsequent subtyping with H5 and H7 AIV antigens (haemagglutination inhibition). Four hundred birds belonging to nine families and 14 species were sampled, and overall prevalence of 23% (92/400) was obtained (captive wild birds (10.4%, 5/48), indigenous birds (47.3%, 87/184) and exotic commercial birds (0.0%, 0/168)). Twelve ELISA-positive birds (13.04%) were positive to H7 antigen. Univariate analysis indicated statistical significance of AIV prevalence in captive wild birds (p < 0.0001) and exotic birds (p < 0.0001) using indigenous chickens as reference. This study gave an evidence of exposure of captive wild birds and indigenous chickens to AIV in Nigeria. Scavenging activities common among indigenously raised chickens, unrestricted movement of nonflying wild birds within the captive complex and free access by migrating wild birds to captive wild birds and local chickens were likely factors observed to promote AIV transmission. Continuous surveillance can further highlight the roles played by these birds in the epidemiology of AIV.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to appreciate all people who assisted during sample collection and analyses of the data. We also appreciate the former Director of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Prof. E.A. Oyedipe) who granted the permission to use the facilities in microbiology unit of the hospital.

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
    • O. B. Daodu
    •  & I. D. Olorunshola
  2. Wildlife Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
    • H. O. Jegede
  3. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
    • J. O. Aiyedun
    •  & O. O. Oludairo
  4. Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
    • O. C. Daodu
  5. Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
    • A. Ajadi
  6. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
    • S. F. Ambali
Authors
  1. O. B. Daodu
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  2. H. O. Jegede
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  3. J. O. Aiyedun
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  4. O. O. Oludairo
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  5. I. D. Olorunshola
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  6. O. C. Daodu
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  7. A. Ajadi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to O. B. Daodu.

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Ethical consideration

Sampling was carried out in accordance with relevant institutional, national guidelines and regulations for the care and use of birds. Owners of the birds used (domesticated and wild birds) gave their consent before use in this study, and birds whose owners did not consent were excluded. Standard veterinary care were given to the birds.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Daodu, O.B., Jegede, H.O., Aiyedun, J.O. et al. Surveillance for avian influenza virus in captive wild birds and indigenous chickens in Nigeria. Trop Anim Health Prod (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02265-y

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Keywords

  • Avian influenza virus
  • Captive
  • Wild birds
  • Commercial birds
  • Indigenous birds
  • ELISA
  • Nigeria