Imam, A. L.Okesina, A. A.Sulaimon, F. A.Imam, A.Ibiyeye, R. Y.Adana, M. Y.Omoola, O. O.Ajao, M. S.2025-05-092025-05-092024Imam, A. L., Okesina, A. A., Sulaimon, F. A., Imam, A., Ibiyeye, R. Y., Adana, M. Y., Omoola, O. O., & Ajao, M. S. (2024). Thymoquinone Ingestions Reversed Inflammation Driven Glia activation and Impaired Cognitive associated behavior in Cypermethrin Exposed Rats. The Journal of Neurobehavioral Sciences, 11 (2), 38-44https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jnbs/issue/86769https://uilspace.unilorin.edu.ng/handle/123456789/16614Background: Pyrethroids pose health risks to humans. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the preventive benefits of thymoquinone against neurotoxicity induced by cypermethrin- in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Methods: Forty male adult Wistar rats with an average weight of 180-200g were randomly allocated to five (5) groups, and each comprising eight rats (n=8 per group). The groups were designated as follows, through oral administrations for 14 days: 0.5ml phosphate- buffered saline (PBS) was given to group one; Group two received 20mg/kg of cypermethrin (CYM); Group three received 10 mg/kg of thymoquinone (THQ); Group four received 20 mg/kg of cypermethrin followed by 10mg/kg of thymoquinone (CYM-10mgTHQ); and Group five received 20mg/kg and 5mg/kg cypermethrin and thymoquinone respectively (CYM-5mgTHQ). Behavioral, histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses were conducted post-treatment. Results: Cypermethrin administration caused the rise in pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and increased expression of astrocytes, microglia, and pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Additionally, cypermethrin reduced levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). cytoarchitectural disruption of dentate gyrus and decreased Nrf2 expression were observed. Cognitive deficits were evident. Thymoquinone treatment attenuated TNF-α elevation, reduced astrocyte, microglial, and Bax expression, and increased IL-10, AChE, and Nrf2 levels. Conclusion: Thymoquinone demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects against cypermethrin-induced neurotoxicity, improving cognitive function in rats.PyrethroidsAstrocytesMicrogliaDentate gyrusNrf2.Article