Jabire, Adamu HaliluSaminu, SaniAbdu, Anasabel, Noku AmosSadiq, Abubakar Muhammad2022-01-102022-01-102020-030261 – 1570https://uilspace.unilorin.edu.ng/handle/20.500.12484/7285Characteristic mode technique is employed to gain a physical insight and also to find out the dominant mode of stepped gradient planar antenna without considering the feeding port. The rational of the model further implies that we can consider antenna's shape and feed design as independent steps. The stepped gradient planar antenna is constructed and measured, in which both the measured and simulated agreed on each other in terms of reflection coefficient and voltage standing wave ratio. The miniature stepped gradient planar antenna is appropriate for numerous applications in ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems from 2.7 to 12GHz and stable radiation pattern at both E and Hfields were attained over the operating frequency band which is suitable for use in UWB systems.encharacteristic mode analysis (CMA)ultrawide band (UWB)impedance widthlinear polarizationArticle