Nyamngee, AmaseEdungbola, L. D.Abubakar, M. A.Abubakar, L.Ikpe, R. T.Agbendeh, L. N.Injan, EIghodalo, M2023-06-132023-06-132020-04https://uilspace.unilorin.edu.ng/handle/20.500.12484/11088A study was carried out between May and December 2019 in four States (Benue, Kogi, Kwara and Niger) North Central, Nigeria to determine endemicity of schistosomiasis (urinary and intestinal) among primary school pupils using the newly developed commercially available Schisto point-of-care (POC) Urine Circulating Cathodic Antigen (CCA) detection cassette and microscopy, the old standard method so as to evaluate performance of CCA detection cassette test. One thousand, one hundred and seventy-six (608 males and 568 females) stool and urine specimen were collected from each participant and examined using urine CCA detection cassette test and microscopy (Kato-Katz method for stool and urine filtration techniques for urine specimens). A total of 524 (40.9%) out 176 pupils sampled were tested positive using CCA detection cassette, while 381 (33.5%) pupils were positive using microscopy. The difference in the prevalence of schistosomiasis using CCA detection cassette as compared to that of microscopy was statistically significantly (p = 0.000). The sensitivity and specificity of CCA detection cassette using latent class analysis (LCA) were 76.3% and 76.9% respectively,while the sensitivity and specificity of microscopy were 62.5% and 86.5% respectively.The result shows that CCA detection cassette is more sensitive than microscopy. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in males was (42.6%) and in females was (38.2%) using CCA detection cassette. while microscopy method had a prevalence of 32.4% in males and 35.3% in females (p = 0.693). CCA detection cassette and microscopy both agreed that there is no significant difference between male and female prevalence. Overall, the prevalence of schistosomiasis was ….. by the CCA detection cassette and intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis using microscopy techniques were 9.7% and 29.5% respectively. It was concluded from this study that the newly developed Urine Circulating Cathodic detection cassette was able to identify more schistosomiasis cases than the old microscopic methods. Although it was not able differentiate between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni, it is still stands more promising for clinical and community diagnosis of schistosomiasis as compared to the old microscopic methods. We therefore, recommend that the highly sensitive newly developed Urine Circulating Cathodic Antigen Detection Cassette be made available for clinical use and community diagnosis of schistosomiasis complementarily or possibly replace the microscopy methods.enComparative Assessment, Newly Developed, Urine Circulating Cathodic Antigen,Detection, MicroscopyArticle