Ojumoola, A.O.Shuaib, PAdelaja, O.J.2021-09-142021-09-1420177. Ojumoola, A.O., Shuaib, P.&Adelaja, O. J.(2017):Studies on the effects of aqueous extracts of neem bark and leaf on soil termites and earthworms. Federal University Wukari Journal of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1(1): 21-26https://uilspace.unilorin.edu.ng/handle/20.500.12484/6309Earthworms and termites are two soil macro faunas known to perform important soil forming roles. While earthworms do not have any detrimental effect on crops, termites can attack both annual and perennial crops causing significant yield losses. Though synthetic insecticides are effective in the control of field insect pests like termites, their residues in agricultural soils and water have negative effects on beneficial soil organisms like earthworms. Extracts of different neem part have been reported as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic insecticides. This study investigated the toxicity of the aqueous extracts of neem barks and leaves to termites in soils treated with varying concentrations i.e. 2%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 30% and 100%. The effects of the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of both extracts on the burrowing time, weight and mortality of earthworms in treated soils were also determined. Neem bark aqueous extract caused a significantly (p<0.01) higher mean mortality of termites than neem leaf extracts at 1, 3, and 5 days after treatment. Mean percentage mortality of termites increased as the concentration of both extracts increased. In addition, both aqueous extracts reduced the weight of the earthworms exposed to them for 7 and 14 days while also increasing the time they took to burrow. Their effects on the earthworms were however significantly (p<0.01) less detrimental than that of Chlorpyrifos (20EC). Neem based insecticides therefore stand a chance in the control of termites but should be used with discretion since they could exert detrimental effects on the activities of earthworms.enbarkneem leafaqueous extractstermitesearthwormsArticle