Okoro, Emmanuel O. , MB;B.ChIkoba, Nehemiah A. PhD.Giwa, Ayuba O. LLB(Hons) , BL, LLM ,PhD,Okoro, Boluwatife E LLB (Hons.), BL, LLM,Akpila, Azibagnigha S. MB; B.Ch, BAO,Salihu, Mumeen O. MB.BS, FWACP2024-04-152024-04-152024-01-225TH NAS ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE, Transdisciplinary Research as Catalyst for Nigeria’s Sustainable Development978-978-787-722-7https://uilspace.unilorin.edu.ng/handle/123456789/11825Power-Point Presentation at 5th Conference of Nigeria Academy of Science, 21st to 24th January, 2024.Background: Some estimates indicates that by 2021 ending, more people as a share of the vulnerable population in Africa, Nigeria inclusive, have died than elsewhere due to late and inadequate vaccination. With the emergency phase of terrifying daily COVID-19 deaths formally over, COVID-19 deaths before and after vaccination commenced were compared to observe how vaccination impacted COVID-19 deaths. Methodology: COVID-19 cases, deaths and vaccination rates in World Health Organization database up to 07 June 2023 and other variables of interest unavailable there and found in other open-sources were extracted and examined. Case fatality rate (CFR) per 1,000 for the period prior to vaccination (CFR1) and the period after vaccination commenced (CFR2) was computed. Simple statistics were used in data analysis. Results: Between when the first case was documented and 05 June 2023, Nigeria recorded 3,155 COVID-19 deaths with majority (61.84%) occurring between 19 March 2020 and March 5, 2021 when vaccination commenced. COVID-19 deaths declined to 61.7% of pre-vaccination figure overlapping with a vaccination era that delivered partial, primary and booster rates of 39.94%, 33.86% and 5.97% respectively. The cumulative COVID-19 deaths by population size was 8.94/106 pre-vaccination with COVID-19 deaths in vaccination era adding 5.510/106 mortalities to the final mortality of 14. 44/106. These mortality figures were against a national background death rates of 12.4/103, 13.1/103, 13.0/103,13.0/103,13.2/103,13.4/103, 13.6/103, 13.6/103,13.8/103,13.9/103,14.0/103,14.2/103 and 14.3/103 in years 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012 and 2011 respectively. And the calculated CFR1 and CFR2 rebased were 1.24% and 1.04% respectively Conclusion: COVID-19 deaths declined 38.1% in over two years of ongoing vaccination and progressive decline in background death rates in Nigeria since 2011 largely unaffected including in the worst year of the pandemic of 2020enCOVID-19 deathsvaccinationNigeriaPresentation