DEPARTMENT OF COUNSELLOR EDUCATION

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    AWARENESS, PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE OF GRADUATING STUDENTS OF NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES TOWARD CHALLENGES OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT
    (2018) ALAFIN, Simon Bamidele
    Graduate unemployment is a global challenge. It began to manifest in Nigeria in the late 70’s becoming seemingly uncontrollable and posing a serious concern to all stakeholders. Most students graduate with very high expectations for a comfortable life anchored on viable and well paying jobs. But these expectations soon give way to frustrations, confusion and hopelessness when later they encounter, face-to-face the realities of the challenges of securing gainful employment. Could this be an indication that most graduating students were not anticipating these challenges? This study therefore examined the awareness, perception and attitude of graduating students of Nigerian universities toward the challenges of youth unemployment. The objectives of this study were to find out: (i) the awareness level, (ii) perception (iii) attitude of graduating students of Nigerian universities toward the challenges of youth unemployment, and (iv) the influence of gender, age, and course of study on these variables. Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. The population of the study comprised all graduating students of universities in Nigeria, estimated at about 1.8 million. The target population was drawn from public universities comprising 40 federal and 44 state universities spread across the six geo-political zones of the country. Multistage sampling procedure involving; simple random, purposive and stratified sampling techniques were used to select a total of 1,582 respondents made up of 853 males and 750 females for the study. A researcher - developed instrument was used for the study. The instrument was content validated by five experts. The instrument was subjected to a test re-test reliability technique using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation formula which yielded a coefficient of 0.78. Percentage, t-test and Analysis of Variance statistics were used for the data analysis. The findings of the study were that: i. the respondents had high awareness level of the challenges of youth unemployment with a value of 97.5 percent; ii. the respondents’ perception of the challenges of youth unemployment was negative with a value of 94.7. percent; iii. the respondents’ attitude toward the challenges of youth unemployment was negative with a value of 87.7 percent; and iv. there was no significant difference in the awareness level, perception and attitude of respondents toward the challenges of youth unemployment on the basis of gender, age, and course of study. The study concluded that the challenges of youth unemployment were obvious to the graduating students because their perception and attitude towards the challenges were negative. There is therefore need for improvement in their perception and attitude toward the challenges. The implication is that the graduating students need counselling to change their perception and attitude toward youth unemployment. It was recommended that counselling restructuring techniques should be used to sensitise students on these challenges.
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    A CROSS-ETHNIC STUDY OF STRESS LEVELS, SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES AMONG WIDOWS IN NIGERIA
    (DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING, FACULTY OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, 2000) ONIYE, OLAYINKA ABDULRASAQ
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    EFFECTIVENESS OF ASSERTIVENESS SKILLS TRAINING AND MODELLING IN REDUCING SOCIAL ANXIETY AMONG STUDENTS IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
    (University of Ilorin, 2018) ADEGOKE, Elizabeth Adunni
    Social anxiety has been described as a major threat to the academic success of secondary school students in Nigeria. The less socially anxious a student is, the better is his/her performance in school. Previous studies have shown that social anxiety as a behavioural trait can be modified through counselling. This study therefore, investigated the effectiveness of assertiveness and modelling skills training in reducing social anxiety among secondary school students in Ondo State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to determine: (i) whether assertiveness and modelling skills training were effective in reducing social anxiety; (ii) which of the treatment packages of assertiveness or modelling skills training is more effective in reducing social anxiety; (iii) the influence of gender on participants’ level of social anxiety; and (iv) the interaction effect of the treatment groups and gender on social anxiety. The study adopted a 3 x 2 matrix of quasi-experimental type. The population for the study consisted of all secondary school students in Ondo State. Multi-stage sampling technique comprising simple random, purposive and stratified random sampling was used to select 120 students who participated in the study. There were two treatment groups of Assertiveness Skills Training and Modelling Skills Training and a control group while gender was the only moderating variable. The treatment groups were exposed to 8 weeks training sessions while the control group was exposed to some classroom activities. Social anxiety scale was adapted and used to collect data for the study. The instrument was content validated by experts and has a reliability co-efficient of 0.73.The hypotheses were analysed using Analysis of Covariance at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study were that: there was a significant difference in the reduction of social anxiety of participants in the treatment groups and those in the control group (F1,116 =1599.784; p<.05); Assertiveness Skills Training was found to be less effective in reducing social anxiety (X ̅= 73.73) than Modelling Skills Training (X ̅= 69.73); there was no significant difference in the reduction of social anxiety based on gender; and there was no significant interaction effect of treatment groups and gender on the level of social anxiety reduction. The study concluded that assertiveness and modelling skills training are effective in reducing social anxiety among secondary school students but modelling skills training was more effective. This implies that issues related to social anxiety among secondary school students should be of concern to all education stakeholders. It was therefore recommended that counselling psychologists should employ assertiveness and modelling techniques in helping clients identified with social anxiety challenges.
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    EFFECTIVENESS OF RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOUR AND REALITY THERAPIES IN REDUCING AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOURS OF HEARING-IMPAIRED STUDENTS IN ILORIN, NIGERIA
    (University of Ilorin, 2017) OGUNGBADE, Oyelakin Kunmi
    Findings from previous studies and the gap left behind showed that the issue of aggressive behaviours among students with hearing impairment has created serious concerns for parents, school authorities and the society at large. The attitudes of such students impact negatively on their academic performance, interpersonal relationships and general social wellbeing. This study therefore investigated the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and Reality Therapy (RT) in reducing aggressive behaviours of students with hearing impairment in Ilorin, Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to determine: (i) the aggressive behaviours index of participants before and after experimental packages; (ii) which of REBT, RT and control groups is effective in reducing aggressive behaviours of participants; (iii) which of REBT and RT is more effective and (iv) the influence of moderating variables of gender and age on the effectiveness of REBT and RT. The study is a quasi-experimental research design adopting pre-test, post-test and control group. There were two treatment groups (REBT & RT) and a control group. A total of 84 students were selected using purposive, stratified and proportional sampling techniques from Kwara State School for Special Needs, Ilorin using an Aggressive Behaviour Scale (ABS) developed by Orpinas and Frankowski (2001). The aggressive behaviours benchmarks are boys 19.3; girls 13.2. The validity of the test was established through the use of construct validity. The internal consistency of ABS was ascertained having Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88. Aggressive Programme Evaluation Questionnaire (APEQ) (2008) was adopted and used to ascertain the effectiveness of the experimental packages. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyse hypotheses 1, 5 - 10, t-test was used for hypotheses 2, 3, 4 and Scheffe Multiple Comparison Test was used for post-hoc analysis at 0.05 alpha level. Findings of the study were that: i. the aggressive behaviours index of participants before and after experimental packages were REBT 31.68, 4.93; RT 38.63, 3.00; and control 35.14, 40.66, respectively; ii. there is a significant higher reduction in the aggressive behaviours of participants exposed to treatments (REBT & RT) than those in the control group (F 865.06 p < 0.05) in favour of those in the treatment groups; iii. RT treatment package was found to be more effective when compared to REBT (t 54= 3.80, p < 0.05); and iv. gender and age had no influence on the effectiveness of REBT and RT treatments (F 0.39 p > 0.05; F 1.07 p > 0.05, respectively). The study concluded that although both REBT and RT were effective in reducing aggressive behaviours of students with hearing impairment, RT was more effective while gender and age had no influence on the effectiveness of the treatments. The implication of the findings is that students with hearing impairment could be assisted by reducing their aggressive behaviours. The study recommended that Counsellors should adopt RT and REBT in reducing cases of aggressive behaviours because using their principles would inculcate anti-aggressive behaviours in the minds of students with hearing impairment and thus improving interpersonal relationship.
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    GRIEF REACTIONS, COPING STRATEGIES AND COUNSELLING NEEDS OF NIGERIAN IN-SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS FACED WITH PARENTAL LOSS
    (University of Ilorin, 2017) AJOKPANIOVO, Michael
    Parents play a decisive role in children’s academic and social development. The demise of the parent has a huge emotional impact on a child. This study investigated grief reactions, coping strategies and counselling needs of in-school adolescents faced with parental loss in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to find out: (i) the grief reactions; (ii) coping strategies adopted; (iii) counselling needs of adolescents faced with parental loss; and (iv) if significant differences existed based on gender, religion, geo-political zone and adolescent’s age at parental loss. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population for this study comprised all inschool adolescents faced with parental loss in Nigeria. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 432 in-school adolescents. A researcher-developed instrument entitled Questionnaire on Grief Reactions, Coping Strategies and Counselling Needs of Nigerian inschool Adolescents faced with Parental Loss was used for data collection. Means and inferential statistics were used to analyse the collected data. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was applied as a post-hoc measure to locate where the differences exist in the tested hypotheses. The findings of the study were that: (i) the grief reactions of in-school adolescents faced with parental loss is high and these reactions include having mood swing (𝑋 ̅ =3.71), depression (𝑋 ̅=3.62) and nervousness/anxiety (𝑋 ̅=3.43); (ii) some coping strategies adopted by the students include listening to inspirational music (𝑋 ̅=2.77), listening to motivational talks from religious leaders (𝑋 ̅=2.65) and reading scriptural passages to relieve tensions or anxiety(𝑋 ̅ =2.63); (iii) counselling are more needed in the areas of educational concerns (𝑋 ̅=2.81), emotional concerns (𝑋 ̅ =2.62) and personal concerns (𝑋 ̅=2.60); (iv) there were significant differences were found in the grief reactions of in-school adolescents faced with parental loss t = 3.30, p<0.05; coping strategies adopted t = 5.22, p<0.05 and counselling needs t = 3.83, p<0.05 based on gender; (v) no significant difference was found in the grief reactions of in-school adolescents faced with parental loss. Significant differences were found in the coping strategies adopted (F(2, 429) = 19.27; p<0.05) and counselling needs (F2, 429) = 17.45; p<0.05) based on religion; (vi) no significant difference was found in the grief reactions, coping strategies adopted and counselling needs of Nigerian in-school adolescents faced with parental loss based on zone; and (vii) on the basis of age at parental loss, significant differences were found in the grief reactions of in-school adolescents faced with parental loss t = 4.46, p<0.05; coping strategies adopted t = 3.46, p<0.05. This study concluded that adolescents faced with parental loss need counselling more in the areas of educational and emotional concerns. The implication of the study is that there were insufficient enlightenment programmes and sensitisation on the reality of death in secondary schools. The study therefore recommended that counsellors should include in their enlightenment programmes to the students, the reality of death as well as how to get the right support when faced with parental loss. Word
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    OCCUPATIONAL STRESSORS, COPING STRATEGIES AND COUNSELLING NEEDS OF PRISON OFFICERS IN NIGERIA
    (University of Ilorin, 2018) OTARU, Bernard Meshach
    The prison setting is often dangerous and unpredictable. The nature of prison officers’ job exposes them to different stressors necessitating counselling and coping strategies. This study therefore, investigated occupational stressors, coping strategies and counselling needs of prison officers in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to investigate: (i) occupational stressors (ii) coping strategies (iii) counselling needs of prison officers; and (iv)influence of gender, marital status, working experience and educational qualification on occupational stressors, coping strategies and counselling needs of prison officers in Nigeria. The research design adopted for this study was descriptive survey. The population of the study consisted of 23,991 prison officers in Nigeria. The target population (6350) consisted of prison officers drawn from six states, a state from each geo-political zone. Purposive and proportional sampling techniques were adopted in selecting a total sample of 1,468 prison officers across the six geo-political zones in Nigeria. Occupational Stressors, Coping Strategies and Counselling Needs Questionnaire was adopted and used for the study. The instrument was content validated by five experts in the Department of Counsellor Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin. To establish the reliability, the instrument was subjected to a test re-test reliability technique and a co-efficient of 0.87 was obtained using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation formula. Descriptive (percentages) and inferential ( t-test, and Analysis of Variance ) statistical measures were used to analyze the data collected for the study. The findings of the study were that: (i) Poor reward for hard work (X=3.40), unimproved salary (X=3.28), poor promotion opportunities (X=3.25) were major occupational stressors to prison officers in Nigeria (ii) Major coping strategies adopted by respondents include; effective planning(X=2.75), praying to God on every issue (X=2.71) and clarifying work schedule(X=2.69) (iii) The prison officers need counslling mostly in areas of periodic training(X=3.15); improved competency(X=3.15) and feeling happy(X=3.14) (iv) Gender (t=7.21;p<0.05) marital status (f(2,146)=20.75;p<0.05) and working experience (f(2,1465)=14.59;p<0.05) had significant differences on occupational stressors of respondents, in favour of male respondents; divorce/separated and those with 11-21 years of working experience (v) Marital status (f(2,1465)=16.46;p<0.05); working experience (f(2,1465)=3.12;p<0.05) and educational qualification (f(3,1464)=5.86;p<0.05) had significant differences on the coping strategies of respondents in favour of married officers; those with 11-21 years working experience and officers with SSCE (vi) Marital status (f(2,1465)=8.59;p<0.05); working experience (f(2,1465)=7.13;p<0.05) and educational qualification (f(3,1464)=14.10;p<0.05) had significant differences on the counselling needs of respondents. Married officers; those with 11-21 years working experience and officers with SSCE were responsible for the significant differences. The study concluded that the Nigerian prison officers are faced with numerous stressors, employed various coping strategies and had varying counselling needs. The implication of this is that prison officers need counselling to cope with their work stress. The study therefore recommended that counselling services be provided in all prisons in Nigeria and the prison authorities should make the working environment friendly for prison officers by providing basic occupational facilities.
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    PERSONALITY TYPES, STRESS LEVELS AND COMMUNICATION STYLES AS CORRELATES OF SPOUSAL ABUSE AMONG MARRIED ADULTS IN NIGERIA
    (UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, 2018) ADEBOYE, Bosede Anu
    Spousal abuse, divorce and unhappiness after marriages are increasing steadily among married adults in Nigeria necessitating the need for improved communication among married adults for family happiness. Therefore, the study investigated Personality Types, stress levels and communication styles as correlates of spousal abuse among married adults. The objectives of the study were to determine: (i) the personality types; (ii) stress levels; (iii) communication styles; (iv) spousal abuse index of married adults; and (v) correlation coefficient of gender and length of years in marriage with personality types of married adults in Nigeria. Descriptive design of correlation type was adopted for the study. The population was all literate married adults who are civil servants in Nigeria. Using the Research Advisor, at confidence of 95%, a total of 1,537(males and females) respondents were drawn from the six geo- political zones in Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure involving simple random, purposive and stratified sampling techniques were employed. The study employed a researcher- designed questionnaire which was content validated by experts. The reliability was determined by the use of test-retest reliability (r) that yielded 0.74 for Personality Types, 0.71 for Stress levels, 0.73 for Communication Styles, 0.76 for Spousal Abuse respectively. Percentage, Multiple Regression Analysis and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study were that: i. High percentage made up of 82.21 % of the respondents were Type A (extroversion) while 16.80 % were Type B (introversion); ii. 78.42% had high stress levels, while 3.40% had moderate stress levels and 18.1.% of the respondents had low stress levels; iii. 82.62% used appropriate communication styles while 17.41% of respondents used inappropriate communication styles; iv. 79.90% exhibited more spousal abuse in their marriage while 20.12% exhibited less spousal abuse in their marriage; v. There were significant relationships among personality types, stress levels, communication styles and spousal abuse of married adults in Nigeria; personality type had a Beta weight (β) of .229, t =3.940, p< 0.05; stress levels had a Beta weight (β) of .422 t =4.641, p<0.05 and communication styles had a Beta weight of (β) .397, t = 9.508, p < 0.05. vi. Gender and length of years in marriage had significant correlation coefficient with spousal abuse of married adults in Nigeria (r=0.365; p<0.05 and r=0.983, p<0.05) respectively. The study concluded that married adults faced the problem of spousal abuse in Nigeria that might be as a result of personality types, stress levels and communication styles. The implication of the of the study is that counsellors should sensitise the married adults on how to use positive communication skills to enhance marital stability. It was therefore recommended that married adults need counselling with the aid of Logo therapy as counselling technique to ameliorate the problems of married adults on their personality types; stress levels and communication styles in order to stem the tide of spousal abuse.