Browsing by Author "EMIKPE, B.O."

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    Dexamethasone-induced stress exacerbates shedding, tissue antigen distribution, and pathology of caprine Brucellosis
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS, 2021-02-12) TANKO, POLYCARP; SABRI, M.Y.; EMIKPE, B.O.; ONILUDE, O.M.; AJADI, A.A.
    This study investigated dexamethasone-treatment, shedding routes, tissue antigen distribution, and pathology of caprine Brucellosis. Eighteen non-pregnant goats were randomly grouped into A, B, and C. Group A was administered dexametha- sone for 7 days at 2 mg/kg before inoculating 0.5 mL B. melitensis at 107 CFU ocularly while group B was inoculated 0.5 mL B. melitensis only, and C as control negative. Blood samples, ocular, nasal, and vaginal swabs were obtained for evaluation. Three goats were sacrificed from each group at days 21 and 42 post-inoculation (pi) and selected tissues col- lected for PCR, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Brucella melitensis was detected in the ocular swabs of group A significantly higher than group B. Shedding was prolonged in group A compared to B. The overall shedding was 22.2% in group A and 9.4% in group B. The uterus of both groups A and B revealed mild inflammation and microgranuloma, extensive necrotic lesions in lymph nodes. Liver showed multi- focal necrosis predominantly in group A. Lesion scoring showed significantly higher scores in A compared to B. Strong immu- nostaining was observed in the liver, lungs, and spleen, predo- minantly at day 21 pi. This study demonstrated dexamethasone prolonged shedding, tissue antigen distribution, and pathology in dexamethasone-treated goats.
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    Evaluation of Growth, Haematological, Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Parameters of Clarias gariepinus Fed with Alstonia boonei and Mitracarpus scaber
    (Central Fisheries Research Institute (SUMAE) Trabzon, Turkey, 2022-03-31) AJADI, A.A.; JIBRIL, A.J.; EMIKPE, B.O.
    Synthetic agents as growth promoters in aquaculture has become unpopular, hence, the need for better alternatives. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary plants on growth performance, haematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in African catfish. Fish were fed on basal diets for 84 days, the control and six other experimental diets containing different levels of Alstonia boonei (0.5%,1.0% and 1.5%) and Mitracarpus scaber (0.5%,1.0% and 1.5%) of the basal diets. Fish were weighed bimonthly, blood samples were collected and analyzed. At the end of the experiment, the final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), Average Daily Growth Rate (ADGR) and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) of fish fed with A. boonei and M. scaber were significantly higher than that of control (P<0.05). The values of RBC and haemoglobin of the M. scaber (0.5%) group were significantly higher than the other groups including the control. The values of Heterophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (HLR) and Platelet- Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) in the control group were significantly higher than those of the treatment groups. Biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers did not show any significant difference between the treatment groups and the control (P>0.05). The findings clearly indicated that the plants enhanced growth performance in fish with little or no deleterious effects.
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    Invitro Antimicrobial Activities of Mitracarpus scaber Against Some Common Bacteria of Aquatic Origin
    (FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA, INDONESIA, 2021-09-08) AJADI, A.A.; EMIKPE, B.O.; AHMED, A.O.
    Some plants have been reported to be of medicinal values and reserve some antimicrobial properties. One of such plants is Mitracarpus scaber and its effect on bacterial growth is evaluated. The study aimed at evaluating the phytochemical analyses and antimicrobial potentials of Mitracarpus scaber against aquatic bacteria. Leaves of Mitracarpus scaber and phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial investigation of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves were carried out against bacteria isolated from diseased Catfish from various farms. The phytoconstituents detected include saponins, tannins, flavonoids, tarpenoids, steroids, anthraquinones and alkaloids in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The ethanolic extract had zones of inhibition similar to that of standard antibiotics (enrofloxacin) across all tested microbes. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanolic extract of M. scaber was against Bacillus sp with 10mg/ml while the highest was 85mg/ml against Staphylococcus species. The results of the assays showed promising evidences that M. scaber is a potential antibacterial agent against aquatic microbes. However, further studies are recommended to fractionate its constituents and determine the in vitro and in vivo anti-microbial activities and the exact mechanism of action of the constituents.
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    Protective Evaluation of Feed Fortified with Alstonia Boonei and Mitracarpus Scaber in African Catfish Exposed to Aeromonas Hydrophila: Clinicopathology and Immunohistochemistry
    (Central Fisheries Research Institute (SUMAE) Trabzon, Turkey, 2022-11-25) AJADI, A.A.; JARIKRE, T.A.; JIBRIL, A.J.; EMIKPE, B.O.
    The present study was carried out to determine the protective effects of two dietary plants and the associated pathology in African catfish exposed to A. hydrophila. Four hundred and twenty fish with average weight of 20.53±0.15 g were distributed equally (in triplicates) into seven experimental groups (six treatment groups and a control group) with 20 juvenile African catfish in each aquarium. Fish were fed for 84 days with control and six other experimental diets containing different percentages of Alstonia boonei (0.5%,1.0% and 1.5%) and Mitracarpus scaber (0.5%,1.0% and 1.5%) of the basal diets. At the end of 12th week, the fish were challenged with A. hydrophila and clinical signs and mortality rate were observed for fourteen days, post challenge. Blood and tissue samples were collected for analysis. All the groups fed with plant supplemented feed had 100% survival rate except A. boonei (0.5%) with 85% and control had 70% survival rate. The dietary plants also improved the haematological parameters and reduced the histopathological lesions associated with A. hydrophila exposure, compared to the control. These findings have demonstrated the protective potentials of A. boonei and M. scaber inculcated in feed against A. hydrophila infection in African catfish.
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    The effect of anaesthetic agents on the haematological parameters of adult African Catfish (Heterobranchus bidorsalis)
    (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, 2024-03-14) AJADI, A.A.; AGBOOLA, W.O.; DAUDA, A.B.; ADAM, M.; ATATA, J.A.; AKANBI, O.B.; BADAMASI, A.O.; BOLAJI, M.; EMIKPE, B.O.
    Introduction: The haematological parameters of giant African catfish exposed to different anaesthetic agents, such as lidocaine, clove oil, and ice, and the control with no exposure were examined. Methods: Ten fish each from the control and treatment groups had their blood drawn and the samples were examined immediately for haematological parameters. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare each of the parameters among the treatment groups and the control. Results: The highest red blood cell (RBC), Haemoglobin, and parked cell volume (PCV) were observed in the control and they were different significantly (P<0.05) from the fish exposed to clove oil. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCHC) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the control than in all the treatment groups. The highest heterophil was observed in the fish exposed to ice and it was different significantly (P<0.05) from the control treatment. Platelet was significantly higher in the control and lidocaine treatments than in clove oil. The least heterophil-lymphocyte ratio (HLR) was also observed in the control and it was different significantly (P<0.05) from fish ice treatment. The PLR of lidocaine and ice treatments were higher significantly (P<0.05) than the control, while that of clove oil was much lower than the control. Significance: The findings from the research showed that all the anaesthetics experimented with had considerable negative impacts on the fish's haematological parameters, with clove oil tending to be the worst. Hence, extra care is required in using any of these treatments on fish, and the recommended dosages must be followed.