Browsing by Author "Abdulkareem, Sulaiman"

Now showing 1 - 14 of 14
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    Analysis of intergranular carbide precipitate in haz of martensitic stainless steel
    (Taylor’s University, Malaysia, 2017) Ahmed, Ismaila Idowu; Adebisi, Jeleel Adekunle; Yahaya, Taiwo; Abdulkareem, Sulaiman; Sherry, Andrew H.
    Analysis of intragranular carbide precipitate in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) of Martensitic Stainless Steel (MSS) weldment was carried out. Low carbon grade martensitic stainless steel weldment subjected to four point bend test in simulated sweet crude environment was analysed with Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The optical microscopy of the failed sample revealed the presence of intergranular cracks on both sides of the weldment in the HAZ. Electron transparent sample for TEM was prepared from the HAZ of the weldment using extraction replica technique. The examination of TEM specimen in imaging mode revealed the presence of precipitates on grain boundaries. The compositional analysis of the precipitates was carried out with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The result of EDX analysis showed the presence of chromium and molybdenum, this suggests, the precipitates were carbides of the form M23C6. The study therefore upholds sensitisation as the mechanism behind the intergranular cracks observed in the HAZ of the MSS weldment.
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    Assessment of Metallic Contaminants in Grinded Millet using Domestic Grinding Machine
    (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, 2016) Odusote, Jamiu Kolawole; Soliu, Ganiyat A.; Ahmed, Ismaila Idowu; Abdulkareem, Sulaiman; Akande, Kareem Akande
    In this study, the quantity of metallic contaminants extracted from grinded millet was evaluated. The millet was grinded in three different forms; wet, paste, and dry forms for up to 3 minutes using locally fabricated grinding machine with cast grinding discs. Separate grinding discs were used for different millet forms, while the same quantity of millet, 1 kg, was used throughout the experiments. The millet was soaked for 24 hours before grinding in order to obtain wet and paste forms of the millet. Metallic contaminants were carefully extracted from the grinded millet using magnetic bed along with sedimentation and decantation. The extracted materials were then quantified to ascertain the food form that produces the highest amount of metallic contaminants. Also, the wear rate of the grinding disc was also determined with respect to the grinding time. The results show that the wet form has the highest amount of metallic contaminants of about 1.397 g followed by the paste form with 1.075 g. The dry form has the least value corresponding to 0.945 g. The grain sizes of the metallic contaminants were calculated to be 12.095 nm for the wet form, 8.056 nm for paste form while the dry form has the smallest grain size of 3.124 nm. The results revealed that metallic contaminants are always contained in grinded food processed with local grinding discs. Thus, materials with better wear resistance should be selected for production of grinding discs to be used for food processing.
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    Combustion Characteristics of Bio-Degradable Biomass Briquettes
    (Taylor’s University, Malaysia, 2018-09) Abdulkareem, Sulaiman; Akeem, B. A.; Ahmed, Ismaila Idowu; Ajiboye, Tajudeen K.; Adebisi, Jeleel Adekunle; Yahaya, Taiwo
    This paper reports on the combustion characteristics of biodegradable biomass briquettes prepared from charcoal, sawdust and sugarcane bagasse. The three materials were mixed in respective ratio of 20:20:60, 20:30:50, 20:40:40, 20:50:30 and 20:60:20. The briquettes were produced using Budenberg dial gauge hydraulic compression machine with the formation of briquettes under 64 MPa pressure with 120 seconds dwell time. Combustion characteristics such as proximate analysis, fuel-burning rate, fuel ignition time and afterglow time of the produced briquettes were determined. Results show that briquette with sample composition of 20:50:30 has better calorific value of 24613.69 kJ/kg and sample with ratio 20:30:50 has lowest calorific value of 22500.3 kJ/kg, while sampling with ratio 20:30:50 has better physical properties with shatter resistance of 99.61% and porosity index value of 47.40%.
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    Design and Fabrication of Electric Muffle Furnace
    (Civil Engineering Department, University of Ilorin, 2018) Ahmed, Ismaila Idowu; Adebisi, Jeleel Adekunle; Busari, Yusuf O.; Ogunbiyi, I. B.; Gbadebo, A. O.; Adeko, A.; Omowumi, A.; Olanrewaju, S. O.; Abdulkareem, Sulaiman
    This work was aimed at the design and fabrication of heat treatment furnace, with automatic control system, using locally sourced materials. Computer- Aided Design (CAD) and Autodesk Inventor Professional were used for the structural design. And, consistent with materials selection procedures, mild steel was selected for the fabrication of casing, while other appropriate materials for the construction were selected based on service need using their relevant properties, cost considerations and ease of fabrication into the various component parts. The International Electric Equipment (IEE) regulation (BS 7671) was also followed in electrical and electronic components design to ensure compliance with the international standard. Performance evaluation of the muffle furnace showed a maximum attainable temperature of 920°C inside the enclosed heating chamber after a period of 15 minutes of continuous heating. This showed that, the furnace is suitable for all forms of heat treatment and melting of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals within the maximum attainable temperature. The maximum operating temperature of 650°C was therefore advised to ensure health and safety and extended operation life of the heating element.
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    Development of a Composite Material for Learning and Teaching Purposes
    (Materials Science and Technology Society of Nigeria (MSN), 2014) Abdulkareem, Sulaiman; Adebisi, Jeleel Adekunle; Ahmed, Ismaila Idowu; Salami, O. R.
    This paper reports on the developed magnetic board composite from waste materials for use in education sector as teaching aid. The composite material was prepared using iron fillings from metal machining (cutting) processes and sawdust obtained from wood waste. The determination of the sieve analysis of the two materials was carried out to obtain particle sizes of 0.4um and 1.0um for the iron fillings and sawdust respectively. The two materials were mixed in various percentage to obtain optimum composition from the aggregates formed. An appropriate binder was used for binding the various composition together. The resulting aggregates were cast into the required shapes and sizes, compacted and allowed to dry at ambient temperature for 5 days. Durability test was carried out for tensile stress, compressive stress and the material density. The performance evaluation of the composite was carried out by embedding the composite material into the prepared board used for charts, graphical image and data as well as improvement in time utilization during a 60-minute lecture period.
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    Effect of Date Seed Particulates on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy
    (Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara, University Politehnica Timisoara, 2018) Abdulkareem, Sulaiman; Edache, E. J.; Olowosule, I. I.; Kolawole, M. Y.; Ahmed, Ismaila Idowu; Ajiboye, Tajudeen K
    The results of an experimental investigation of mechanical properties of date seed particles reinforced aluminium alloy composites, processed by stir casting method are reported in this paper. Two sets of composites with date seed of 300 and 500 µm particle sizes were used. The ranges of particle size used were based on the weight fraction when sieve analysis was conducted on the sample collected for the work. Each grain size had four types of composite samples with the reinforcement weight fractions of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The mechanical properties considered were the tensile strength, Impact and hardness behaviors. Unreinforced aluminium alloy samples were also tested for the same properties. It was found that the hardness and tensile strength increases with the increase in the weight fraction and the fracture toughness decreases with increase in the weight fraction of reinforced date seeds particles. It was concluded that the improvement in the mechanical properties can be well accredited to the high dislocation density.
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    Effects of Soaking Time and Cold Work on Sensitisation of Austenitic Stainless Steels
    (University of Novi Sad, Serbia, 2015-10-20) Ahmed, Ismaila Idowu; Adebisi, Jeleel Adekunle; Yahaya, Taiwo; Abdulkareem, Sulaiman
    The effects of soaking and coldworks on sensitisation of austenitic stainless steels were studied. Annealed and samples coldworked to 20% and 40% were subjected to sensitisation heat treatment at 650 C for 24 and 72 hours. Metallographic analysis carried out showed that sensitisation occurred in both annealed and coldworked samples which manifested as ditches. Soaking for 72 hours showed more ditches than 24 hours. Intergranular ditches were more prevalent in annealed and lower coldworked samples. In contrast, heavily coldworked samples were more susceptible to transgranular carbide precipitation evident by ditches on slip bands and recrystallised grains.
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    FATIGUE CHARACTERISTIC OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL WITH DIFFERENT GRAIN STRUCTURES
    (2014) Abdulkareem, Sulaiman; Abdulrahim, A. T.; Talabi, Segun Isaac; Amuda, O. H.
    This paper investigated the effect of heat treatment operations on the fatigue resistance of low carbon steel. Specimens after preparation for fatigue testing were subjected to annealing, normalizing and quenching heat treatment. Results show that the annealed specimen had the largest number of cycles to failure, indicating a high fatigue resistance. The microstructure of the specimens was examined in other to corroborate the obtained property with the microstructure. When compared with the untreated specimen, the annealed specimen (with optimum fatigue resistance) shows a large grains size of pearlite which was distributed across the entire surface of the microstructure. Generally, it was found that the size and distribution of specimens' grains affect the resistance of the low carbon steel to fatigue failure.
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    Investigation of surface residual stress profile on martensitic stainless steel weldment with X-ray diffraction
    (Elsevier, 2016-01-19) Ahmed, Ismaila Idowu; Adebisi, Jeleel Adekunle; Abdulkareem, Sulaiman; Sherry, Andrew H.
    The development of residual stresses during fabrication is inevitable and often neglected with dire consequences during the service life of the fabricated components. In this work, the surface residual stress profile following the martensitic stainless steel (MSS) pipe welding was investigated with X-ray diffraction technique. The results revealed the presence of residual stresses equilibrated across the weldment zones. Tensile residual stress observed in weld metal was balanced by compressive residual stresses in the parent material on the opposing sides of weld metal.
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    Investigation of Thermal Insulation Properties of Biomass Composites
    (Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia, 2016-09) Abdulkareem, Sulaiman; Ogunmodede, S.; Aweda, Jacob O.; Abdulrahim, A. T.; Ajiboye, Tajudeen; Ahmed, Ismaila Idowu; Adebisi, Jeleel Adekunle
    This paper reports on the investigation of thermal properties of Kapok, Coconut fibre and Sugarcane bagasse composite materials using molasses as a binder. The composite materials were moulded into 12 cylindrical samples using Kapok, Bagasse, Coconut fibre, Kapok and Bagasse in the ratios of (70:30; 50:50 and 30:70), Kapok and Coconut fibre in the ratios of (70:30; 50:50 and 30:70), as well as a combination of Kapok, Bagasse and Coconut fibre in ratios of (50:10:40; 50:40:10 and 50:30:20). The sample size is a 60mm diameter with 10mm – 22mm thickness compressed at a constant load of 180N using a Budenberg compression machine. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity tests were carried out using thermocouples and the results were read out on a Digital Multimeter MY64 (Model: MBEB094816), while a Digital fluke K/J thermocouple meter PRD-011 (S/NO 6835050) was used to obtain the temperature measurement for diffusivity. It was observed that of all the twelve samples moulded, Bagasse, Kapok plus Bagasse (50:50), Kapok plus Coconut fibre (50:50) and Kapok plus Bagasse plus Coconut fibre (50:40:10) has the lowest thermal conductivity of 0.0074, 0.0106, 0.0132, and 0.0127 W/(m-K) respectively and the highest thermal resistivity. In this regard, Bagasse has the lowest thermal conductivity followed by Kapok plus Bagasse (50:50), Kapok plus Bagasse plus Coconut fibre (50:40:10) and Kapok plus Coconut fibre (50:50).
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    Microstructural Correlation of Hardness Profile in Martensitic Stainless Steel Weldment
    (Springer, 2016-02-10) Ahmed, Ismaila Idowu; Adebisi, Jeleel Adekunle; Yahaya, Taiwo; Abdulkareem, Sulaiman; Sherry, Andrew H.
    The correlation between microstructures and hardness profiles in low carbon martensitic stainless steel girth weldment were investigated. Optical microscopy and a scanning electron microscope equipped with electron back scatter diffraction system were used for assessment of microstructural phases, grain sizes, and grain misorientation across the weldment. The hardness value fluctuated between the peak and lowest values in the heat-affected zone of the weldment. The hardness profile observed is consistent with microstructural evolution across the weldment. The low hardness value observed in the weld metal was attributed to the large proportion of ferrite introduced by the superduplex filler metal used for the fabrication and grain coarsening caused by prolonged cooling of the weld metal. The electron backscatter diffraction data showed that higher grain sizes occurred in the weld metal and this is consistent with the highest degree of misorientation and recrystallisation observed in the weld metal than parent and HAZ region of weldment.
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    Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Charcoal, Sawdust and Sugarcane Bagasse as Solid Fuel Materials
    (Malaysian Technical University Network, 2017-12-19) Abdulkareem, Sulaiman; Badejo, H. A.; Ahmed, Ismaila Idowu; Adebisi, Jeleel Adekunle; Yahaya, Taiwo; Ajiboye, Tajudeen K; Abdulrahim, A. T.
    This paper reports on the physical and mechanical characteristics of briquettes produced from charcoal, sawdust and sugarcane bagasse using molasses with sodium silicate as binders. Charcoal, sawdust and sugarcane bagasse were mixed in a respective ratio of 20:20:60, 20:30:50, 20:40:40, 20:50:30 and 20:60:20. The briquettes were produced using Budenberg dial gauge compression machine, with a pressure of 64 MPa at 120 seconds dwell time. Physical properties (relaxation ratio, compaction ratio and shattering index) and mechanical property (compressive strength) of the produced briquettes were investigated. Results show that briquette with sample composition of 20:30:50 has better physical properties with a relaxation ratio of 1.562, a compaction ratio of 7.573 and shatter index of 99.6%, while sample with ratio 20:40:40 has the highest compressive strength of 55.43 kN/m2.
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    Potential of Cow Horn for Carbonitriding Treatment of Steel
    (Springer, 2018-01-29) Ahmed, Ismaila Idowu; Mohammed, Aminat T.; Abdulkareem, Sulaiman; Yahaya, Taiwo; Ambali, I. O.; Bamidele, L. B.; Adebisi, Jeleel Adekunle
    The potential of carbonitriding treatment of steel with cow horn was investigated in line with abattoir waste to wealth approach of waste management. The objectives of the study included processing of cow horn into different morphologies namely: powder and flakes for carbonitriding heat treatment, and, chemical analyses of cow horn with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques to determine the chemical composition and phases of cow horn respectively. The heat treatment was carried out at 850 and 450 °C for carburizing and nitriding dominated processes respectively. Vickers hardness measurement was carried out to determine the hardness profile on carbonitrided samples. Optical metallography was carried out for microstructural examination and to investigate phase contrast between the case and core of carbonitrided sample. The result of hardness test observed is consistent with the case hardening profile with higher hardness value at near surface decreasing towards core. Sample heat treated with horn flakes showed higher hardness than those with horn powder. Microstructural phase contrast showed delineation of the hardened case and soft inner core. The high hardness of case was attributed to diffusion of carbon and nitrogen atoms from the cow horn to iron interstices. This supposition was corroborated by detection of carbon and nitrogen with EDS and XRD tests. It was therefore concluded that cow horn could be processed as candidate materials for carbonitriding of steel.
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    Quality Improvement in PVC Industry through Six-Sigma Analysis of Machine Process Parameters
    (Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, 2016) Owolabi, C. T; Abdulkareem, Sulaiman; Ajiboye, T. K.; Akande, K. A.; Ahmed, Ismaila Idowu
    Six-sigma is an organised and systematic method for strategic process improvement that relies on statistical and scientific methods. In the present work six Sigma methodology was adopted to reduce defect rates and achieve significant quality up-grade in a PVC pipe manufacturing industry. Taguchi method of experimental design was applied for optimization of the process, quality and performance output of manufacturing process. The cause and effect diagram was implemented to identify the root cause of the defects resulting in poor product quality. From the analysis, the major root causes of defects were the process parameters- the vacuum pressure, temperature and take-off speed. Applying Taguchi method of experimental design for process parameter optimization, the process resulted in more superior quality. An estimated cost loss improvement of 37% was achieved and Part Per Million defects reduced from 67,487 to 20,503.