Browsing by Author "Abdulkareem, S."
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Item Archachatina marginata bio-shells as reinforcement material in metal matrix composites(International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 2017) Kolawole, M.Y.; Aweda, J.O.; Abdulkareem, S.Snail shells (SnS), which represent the discarded bio-shell waste of snails’ remnants from restaurants and eateries constitute a serious degree of environmental threat with little or economic value. The effective utilisation of this waste into a green metal matrix composite as a low cost reinforcement material applicable in the automotive industry in lieu of its present hazardous impact had stimulated the research interest. Hence, this paper studies the potential utilisation of SnS as a low cost reinforcement material in the metal matrix composites (MMCs) by means of a characterisation technique. The mineralogical composition and physical properties of the snail shell powder was carried out using the density determination, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), refractoriness, energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), X-ray fluorescent (XRF) and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis at 0, 800, 850 and 900 oC calcined temperatures for 3hrs. The results obtained show that the snail shell powder possesses chemical hard phase oxides (CaO, Fe2Al2O3, Cr2O3, SiO2, MnO and NiO) at all calcined temperature values. The maximum amount of these phases was formed at a 900 oC calcined temperature. The XRD analysis also confirmed the presence of calcite (Ca6C6O8), lime (Ca4O4) and portlandite (CaO2) as the thermally stable major hard phases of the SnS calcined at 900 oC. The density and refractoriness temperature of the snail shell powder as obtained in this study are 1.63g/cm3 and 1400 oC. The TGA result shows that the SnS attained its thermal stability at 840 oC. The above results imply that SnS with (9.4-25.9) % lesser density when compared with agro or industrial wastes reinforcement material (flyash, coconut shell ash, maize husk, bagasse) in the metal matrix composite looks promising as a reinforcing material in the production of light weight metal matrix composites at low costs. Also, the high refractoriness temperature of the snail shell particle suggested it as a suitable candidate reinforcement material in the production of thermal resistance MMCs applicable in automotive components such as pistons and connecting rods.Item CHARACTERIZATION OF BARUTEN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KWARA STATE (NIGERIA) FIRECLAYS AS SUITABLE REFRACTORY MATERIALS(Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka,, 2018-04) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Yaru, S. S.; Abdulkareem, S.; Busari, Y. O.; Ambali, I. O.; Ajao, K. S.; Mohammed, G. A.Studies have shown that adequate attention needs to be paid on processing of solid minerals that are potentially available in Nigeria to address its economic problem. Clays from five major towns in Baruten Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria were examined using ASTM guidelines to determine their suitability for refractory applications. The clay samples were classified as Alumino-Silicate refractories due to high values of Al2O3 and SiO2. The results showed apparent porosity (19.4-25.6%), bulk density (1.83-1.90 g/cm3), cold crushing strength (38.7-56.1 N/mm2), linear shrinkage (4.4 – 9.3%), clay contents (52.71-67.83%), moisture content (17.0-23.6%), permeability (68-82 cmsec-1), plasticity (16.7-30.4%), refractoriness (>1300oC) and Thermal Shock Resistance (23-25 cycles) for the clay samples, which were measurable with the established standards for fireclays, refractory clays/brick lining or alumina-silicates and kaolin. Hence, the natural clays could suitably replace imported clays in some refractory applications. Appropriate use of information from this study would improve Nigeria’s industrialization and economic diversification.Item CHARACTERIZATION OF BARUTEN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KWARA STATE (NIGERIA) FIRECLAYS AS SUITABLE REFRACTORY MATERIALS(Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 2018-04) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Yaru, S. S.; Abdulkareem, S.; Busari, Y. O.; Ambali, I. O.; Ajao, K. S.; Mohammed, G. A.Item Combustion characteristics of bio-degradable biomass briquettes(School of Engineering, Taylor’s University, Malaysia, 2018) Abdulkareem, S.; Hakeem, B. A.; Ahmed, I. I.; Ajiboye, T. K.; Adebisi, J. A.; Yahaya, T.This paper reports on the combustion characteristics of biodegradable biomass briquettes prepared from charcoal, sawdust and sugarcane bagasse. The three materials were mixed in respective ratio of 20:20:60, 20:30:50, 20:40:40, 20:50:30 and 20:60:20. The briquettes were produced using Budenberg dial gauge hydraulic compression machine with the formation of briquettes under 64 MPa pressure with 120 seconds dwell time. Combustion characteristics such as proximate analysis, fuel-burning rate, fuel ignition time and afterglow time of the produced briquettes were determined. Results show that briquette with sample composition of 20:50:30 has better calorific value of 24613.69 kJ/kg and sample with ratio 20:30:50 has lowest calorific value of 22500.3 kJ/kg, while sampling with ratio 20:30:50 has better physical properties with shatter resistance of 99.61% and porosity index value of 47.40%.Item Design of Mini Combined Harvester(JPE: Journal of Production Engineering, 2017) Abdulkarim, K. O.; Abdulrahman, K. O.; Ahmed, I. I.; Abdulkareem, S.; Adebisi, J. A.; Harmanto, D.In this research, various problems associated with harvesting of agricultural food grains by local farmers in Nigeria were identified. The aim of the research was to design low cost multipurpose mini combined harvester for production using locally available materials at affordable cost. The research was to ensure improved performance and low cost maintenance of harvester for use by farmers in developing nations. The modelling of the chassis and other components of the combined harvester was done using Solid works 2014. The selection of materials for the design was achieved using Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES) 2014. Calculations for the design of each components and power requirements to determine the engine specifications were carried out to ensure optimal performance. The output of the research was the development of mini combine harvester which is a microcosm of large capital intensive harvester, at affordable cost to small scale farmer in developing nations. The research ensures the use of mechanised farming equipments designed and developed from local materials for effective harvesting and transportation of agricultural produce.Item Development of Abrasive Sandpaper Grains from Agro-Waste Material for Polishing of Wood Surface(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria, 2019-01) Ibrahim, H. K.; Abdulhamid, A. S.; Abdulkareem, S.; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Popoola, O. T.; Kareem, A. G.; Adeyi, A. M.; Busari, O. Y.; Ambali, I. O.In Nigeria, natural and some synthetisynthetic abrasive grains used in manufacturing of sandpaper such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide and aluminum silicate mineral are scarce and expensive. The aim of this paper focused on development of sandpaper grains from agricultural waste material (Coconut shell) and resin (binder) for smoothening of wood surface. Sieving analysis was conducted in particle sizes of P40 (420 μm) and P60 (250 μm) sandpaper grit size (according to Federation of European Producers of Abrasive standard). The Physical and Mechanical properties were determined and compared with properties of conventional products (P60 and P40 Garnet Paper). Surface finish assessments were carried out with visual inspection on selected wood. The result from elemental composition analysis showed that the produced sample grains contain some hard ceramic materials needed for effective polishing or surface finishing. The physical and mechanical properties of the grains samples were found to have close properties with the standard conventional sand paper. Hardness and compressive strength of Coconut shell (CNS) grains/resin composites samples increased with increase in polyester resin concentration. Samples made from 250 μm sieve size showed better mechanical properties than the corresponding samples from 420 μm sieve size. The wear rate of CNS/resin composites was also found to increase with increase in load (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 g) and temperature (50 and 150 oC. Also, result from visual examination shows that the CNS specimens contribute to high material removal but not smoother due to grain sizes considered for this studyItem Development of Abrasive Sandpaper Grains from Agro-Waste Material for Polishing of Wood Surface(Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria, 2019-02) Ibrahim, H. K.; Abdulhamid, A. S.; Abdulkareem, S.; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Popoola, O. T; Kareem, A. G.; Adeyi, A. M.; Busari, O. Y.; Ambali, I. O.In Nigeria, natural and some synthetic abrasive grains used in manufacturing of sandpaper such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide and aluminum silicate mineral are scarce and expensive. The aim of this paper focused on development of sandpaper grains from agricultural waste material (Coconut shell) and resin (binder) for smoothening of wood surface. Sieving analysis was conducted in particle sizes of P40 (420 μm) and P60 (250 μm) sandpaper grit size (according to Federation of European Producers of Abrasive standard). The Physical and Mechanical properties were determined and compared with properties of conventional products (P60 and P40 Garnet Paper). Surface finish assessments were carried out with visual inspection on selected wood. The result from elemental composition analysis showed that the produced sample grains contain some hard ceramic materials needed for effective polishing or surface finishing. The physical and mechanical properties of the grains samples were found to have close properties with the standard conventional sand paper. Hardness and compressive strength of Coconut shell (CNS) grains/resin composites samples increased with increase in polyester resin concentration. Samples made from 250 μm sieve size showed better mechanical properties than the corresponding samples from 420 μm sieve size. The wear rate of CNS/resin composites was also found to increase with increase in load (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 g) and temperature (50 and 150 oC. Also, result from visual examination shows that the CNS specimens contribute to high material removal but not smoother due to grain sizes considered for this study.Item Effect of coolant temperature on machining characteristics of high carbon steel(Covenant Journal of Engineering Technology, 2018) Ogedengbe, T.S.; Abdulkareem, S.; Aweda, J.O.This paper reports the effect of super-cooled coolant on machining of high carbon steels. The development of a cooling system to reduce the temperature of water-soluble coolant to 7-9oC from ambient temperature was employed in this work to improve the process performance. The experiments were performed using cooled and ambient temperatures by employing Taguchi L-18 orthogonal array to design the experimental runs. The cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were machining parameters used, while the tool-work piece interface temperature was monitored using digital thermometer with k-type thermocouple wire. The selected control factors are material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR). The experimental results were analyzed using Minitab 16. The main effects and percentage contributions of various parameters affecting surface roughness and material removal rate were discussed, and optimal cutting conditions were determined. It was observed that surface finish improved by 65% with the use of the developed super-cooled system. The reduction in coolant temperature played a vital role in improving surface finish during machining high carbon steels.Item Effect of coolant temperature on the surface finish during turning of Titanium Alloy Ti6A14V(International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture, 2018) Ogedengbe, T.S.; Abdulkareem, S.; Aweda, J.O.High temperature generated and stresses induced as a result of turning of Ti6Al4V results in poor surface finish. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coolant temperature on the surface roughness of Ti6Al4V which is a core material used as an implant. A cooling system was developed to reduce the temperature of the coolant (soluble oil) from room temperature to 2oC. Ti6Al4V was turned in dry and cooled (at temperatures 5, 7, 9 and 11 conditions. The experiment was designed using central composite design of (Response surface methodology) Design Expert 11.0 to generate an array and optimize the machining parameters. The machining parameters used were cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and coolant temperature. Results analyses show that cutting speed and depth of cut had considerable effect on surface roughness of Ti6Al4V. Surface roughness reduced when coolant temperature was reduced. The results of this study shows that turning Ti6Al4V at a very low cutting temperature will ensure a better surface finish.Item Effects of mixing ratios of cow dung, cassava peel and rice husk on the thermodynamic properties and composition of biogas in anaerobic digester(Advances in Multidisciplinary & Scientific Research Journal, 2016) Olorunmaiye, J.A.; Adegun, I.K.; Ogunniyi, O.J.; Aweda, J.O.; Ajiboye, T.K.; Abdulkareem, S.Item Evaluation of mechanical and electrical properties of squeeze cast 1xxx aluminium(Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Studies, 2018) Kolawole, M.Y.; Aweda, J.O.; Abdulkareem, S.The effect of squeeze cast pressure on the mechanical and electrical properties of 1xxx aluminium was experimentally studied. Aluminium (1xxx) metal was melted and poured into a preheated split die at 700±10 oC. Varying values of pressures were applied on the cast using Vega hydraulic press to produce sound cast samples. Mechanical, microstructural and electrical properties of cast products were examined on Monsanto universal tensile testing machine (UTM), Rockwell hardness tester and DC 4 probes wire respectively. The results of the investigations revealed that squeeze cast pressure influenced the microstructure through grain refinement which led to enhancement of the mechanical properties of the metal. Improvement of 41.03 % in hardness at applied pressure of 190 MPa and 200% in tensile strength at applied pressure of 127 MPa were obtained for the squeeze cast metal. There was an increase in electrical conductivity by 18.5 % at 127 MPa applied squeeze cast pressure. Squeeze casting is thus presumed to be a suitable processing route for improving the mechanical and electrical properties of aluminium metal of 1xxx series.Item Finite Element Analysis of Mini Combined Harvester Chassis and Hitch(JPE: Journal of Production Engineering, 2017) Abdulkarim, K. O.; Abdulrahman, K. O.; Ahmed, I. I.; Abdulkareem, S.; Adebisi, J. A.; Harmanto, D.The perennial problems associated with harvesting of agricultural products in sub-Sahara Africa are not unconnected with financial limitations of the farmers. The design of low cost mini combine harvester was aimed at ameliorating the challenges of agricultural products harvest in Nigeria. The work presented here was a detailed analysis of low cost mini combine harvester chassis and hitch. The need for cost effectiveness, affordability, durability and efficiency of the designs necessitated detail analysis of the design to achieve the above objectives. Solidworks Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software was employed in carrying out both static and fatigue analysis of a low-cost mini combine harvester chassis and hitch design. The results were compared and contrasted, with appreciable improvements on available existing data. The stresses, displacements and strains on the chassis were significantly low with factors of safety of 2.48 and 2.80 for chassis and hitch respectively.Item Hardness and Tensile Properties of Prophylactic Knee Brace Produced from Cow Bone and Periwinkle Shell Composites(Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2019-06) Abdulkareem, S.; Adekaye, T. A.; Abdulrahim, A. T.; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Ajiboye, T. K.; Ahmed, I. I.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Adebisi, J. A.; Yahaya, TApplication of reinforced aluminium scrap for the production of prophylactic knee brace (Pkb) particularly with agro-waste materials is rarely available. In this work, hardness and tensile properties of aluminium alloy (Al 6063) straps reinforced with cow bone (Cb) and periwinkle shell (Ps) for the production of Pkb were investigated. The Cb and Ps sourced were cleaned and the Cb was sun-dried for 4 weeks before crushing with Denver laboratory Ball mill (Model: 48-D0500/Q). The Ps was also crushed, sun-dried for 7 days and treated in the oven (Model SDO/225) at 110 oC for 30 minutes to remove moisture. The particle size of 75 μm was used to cast six (6) each of aluminium/cowbone (Al/Cb) and aluminium/periwinkle shell (Al/Ps) composites. The cast aluminium composites of Pkb and original Pkb were investigated for density, hardness, and tensile properties. It was observed that addition of Cb and Ps in the cast Pkb gave a density of 2.68 g/cm3 and 2.60 g/cm3 respectively. The average values of hardness and tensile strength obtained were 41.18 BHN and 135.88 MPa respectively when Ps was added to the cast aluminium Pkb, while addition of Cb gave harness values of 40.45 BHN and tensile strength of 134.63 MPa.Item Incest: A Threat to Family Security(International Journal of Emotional Psychology and Sport Ethics, 2015-06) Adegboyega, L.O.; Ajiboye, S.K.; Abdulkareem, S.Item Introduction to Workshop Practice(University of Ilorin Publishing House, 2017) Ajimotokan, H. A.; Abdulkareem, S.Item Investigation of metallurgical and microhardness properties of Titanium alloy in laser metal deposition process(Unilag Journal of Medicine, Science and Technology, 2017) Mahamood, R.M.; Abdulkareem, S.; Ajao, K.R; Aweda, J.O.Item Investigation of Surface Residual Stress Profile on Martensitic Stainless Steel Weldment with X-Ray Diffraction(Elsevier, 2018) Ahmed, I. I.; Adebisi, J. A.; Abdulkareem, S.; Sherry, A. H.The development of residual stresses during fabrication is inevitable and often neglected with dire consequences during the service life of the fabricated components. In this work, the surface residual stress profile following the martensitic stainless steel (MSS) pipe welding was investigated with X-ray diffraction technique. The results revealed the presence of residual stresses equilibrated across the weldment zones. Tensile residual stress observed in weld metal was balanced by compressive residual stresses in the parent material on the opposing sides of weld metal.Item Investigation of thermal insulation properties of biomass composites(International Journal of Technology, 2016) Abdulkareem, S.; Ogunmodede, S.; Aweda, J.O.; Abdulrahim, A.T.; Ajiboye, T.K.; Ahmed, I.I.; Adebisi, J.A.This paper reports on the investigation of thermal properties of Kapok, Coconut fibre and Sugarcane bagasse composite materials using molasses as binder. The composite materials were moulded into 12 cylindrical samples using Kapok, Bagasse, Coconut fibre, Kapok and Bagasse in the ratios of (70:30; 50:50 and 30:70), Kapok and Coconut fibre in the ratios of (70:30; 50:50 and 30:70), as well as a combination of Kapok, Bagasse and Coconut fibre in ratios of (50:10:40; 50:40:10 and 50:30:20). The sample is 60mm diameter with thickness 10mm – 22mm was compressed at a constant load of 180N using Budenberg compression machine. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity tests were carried out using thermocouples to sense the temperatures and read out on a Digital Multimeter MY64 (Model: MBEB094816) while a Digital fluke K/J thermocouple metre PRD-011 (S/NO 6835050) was used to obtain the temperature measurement for diffusivity. It was observed that of all the twelve samples moulded, Bagasse, Kapok plus Bagasse (50:50), has the lowest thermal conductivity of 0.0074, 0.0106, 0.0132 and 0.0127 W/(m-K) respectively and highest thermal resistivity. In this regard, Bagasse has the lowest thermal conductivity followed by Kapok plus Bagasse (50:50), Kapok plus Bagasse plus Coconut fibre (50:40:10) and Kapok plus Coconut fibre (50:50).Item Investigation on effect of material compositions on machinability of carbon steels(Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019) Abdulkareem, S.; Ogedenbge, T.S.; Aweda, J.O.; Ajiboye, T.K.; Khan, A.A.; Babatunde, M.A.Steels are basically classified based on their carbon contents. In view of this, the processing of steels is greatly affected by their composition, particularly their carbon content. This paper reports on the machinability of three different steels with varying carbon contents. The steel samples were sourced from Owode metal market in Ilorin, Kwara State and their percentage compositional analysis was carried out at Universal Steels Limited, Lagos. The steel samples were classified into high, medium and low carbon steels based on their percentage carbon content. The machining condition was wet and the machining parameters used were depth of cut (0.2 – 0.6 mm), feed rate (0.05 – 0.15 mm/rev) and cutting speed (100 - 150 rpm). The experimental runs were designed using Taguchi orthogonal array of Minitab version 16 and the cutting temperature was monitored with a digital thermometer and k-type thermocouple wires. The experimental results were analysed using Minitab 18 with a focus on percentage contribution of various factors affecting surface roughness, chip morphology, cutting temperature and material removal rate. Results show that surface finish is highest in low carbon steel and lowest in high carbon steel. The responses show that machinability of the steel improved with a reduction in carbon content.Item Laser metal deposition of Titanium alloy: Effect of laser power on surface finish(Centrepoint Journal: Science Edition, 2015) Mahamood, M.R.; Abdulkareem, S.; Ajao, K.R.; Aweda, J.O.