Browsing by Author "Abdulkareem, S"

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    Characterization of Baruten Local Government Area of Kwara State (Nigeria) fireclays as suitable refractory materials
    (Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 2018-06-10) AJAO, K. S; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Ambali, I.O; Mohammed, G. A; Yaru, S. S; Abdulkareem, S; Busari, Y. O
    Studies have shown that adequate attention needs to be paid on processing of solid minerals that are potentially available in Nigeria to address its economic problem. Clays from five major towns in Baruten Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria were examined using ASTM guidelines to determine their suitability for refractory applications. The clay samples were classified as Alumino-Silicate refractories due to high values of Al2O3 and SiO2. The results showed apparent porosity (19.4-25.6%), bulk density (1.83-1.90 g/cm3), cold crushing strength (38.7-56.1 N/mm2), linear shrinkage (4.4 – 9.3%), clay contents (52.71-67.83%), moisture content (17.0-23.6%), permeability (68-82 cmsec-1), plasticity (16.7-30.4%), refractoriness (>1300oC) and Thermal Shock Resistance (23-25 cycles) for the clay samples, which were measurable with the established standards for fireclays, refractory clays/brick lining or alumina-silicates and kaolin. Hence, the natural clays could suitably replace imported clays in some refractory applications. Appropriate use of information from this study would improve Nigeria’s industrialization and economic diversification.
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    Characterization of Baruten Local Government Area of Kwara State (Nigeria) fireclays as suitable refractory materials
    (Faculty of Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, 2018-04-10) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Yaru, S. S; Abdulkareem, S; Busari, Y. O; Ajao, K. S; Mohammed, G. A
    Studies have shown that adequate attention needs to be paid on processing of solid minerals that are potentially available in Nigeria to address its economic problem. Clays from five major towns in Baruten Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria were examined using ASTM guidelines to determine their suitability for refractory applications. The clay samples were classified as Alumino-Silicate refractories due to high values of Al2O3 and SiO2. The results showed apparent porosity (19.4-25.6%), bulk density (1.83-1.90 g/cm3), cold crushing strength (38.7-56.1 N/mm2), linear shrinkage (4.4 – 9.3%), clay contents (52.71-67.83%), moisture content (17.0-23.6%), permeability (68-82 cmsec-1), plasticity (16.7-30.4%), refractoriness (>1300oC) and Thermal Shock Resistance (23-25 cycles) for the clay samples, which were measurable with the established standards for fireclays, refractory clays/brick lining or alumina-silicates and kaolin. Hence, the natural clays could suitably replace imported clays in some refractory applications. Appropriate use of information from this study would improve Nigeria’s industrialization and economic diversification.
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    Development of a Two-way Motions Egg Incubator and Hatchery
    (The Nigerian Institution of Mechanical Engineers (NIMechE)., 2015) Abdulkareem, S; Ajiboye, T. K.; AbduAbdulrahim, A. T.; Musa, M. K.; Abdulganiyu, K. O.
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    Development of abrasive sandpaper grains from agro-waste material for polishing of wood surface
    (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Adeleke University, Ede, Nigeria., 2019-02-10) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Ibrahim, H. K; Abdulhamid, A. S; Abdulkareem, S; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Popoola, O. T; Kareem, A. G; Adeyi, A. M; Busari, O. Y
    In Nigeria, natural and some synthetic abrasive grains used in manufacturing of sandpaper such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide and aluminum silicate mineral are scarce and expensive. The aim of this paper focused on development of sandpaper grains from agricultural waste material (Coconut shell) and resin (binder) for smoothening of wood surface. Sieving analysis was conducted in particle sizes of P40 (420 μm) and P60 (250 μm) sandpaper grit size (according to Federation of European Producers of Abrasive standard). The Physical and Mechanical properties were determined and compared with properties of conventional products (P60 and P40 Garnet Paper). Surface finish assessments were carried out with visual inspection on selected wood. The result from elemental composition analysis showed that the produced sample grains contain some hard ceramic materials needed for effective polishing or surface finishing. The physical and mechanical properties of the grains samples were found to have close properties with the standard conventional sand paper. Hardness and compressive strength of Coconut shell (CNS) grains/resin composites samples increased with increase in polyester resin concentration. Samples made from 250 μm sieve size showed better mechanical properties than the corresponding samples from 420 μm sieve size. The wear rate of CNS/resin composites was also found to increase with increase in load (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 g) and temperature (50 and 150 oC. Also, result from visual examination shows that the CNS specimens contribute to high material removal but not smoother due to grain sizes considered for this study.
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    Investigation of Thermal Insulation Properties of Biomass Composites
    (Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia Depok 16424, Indonesia, 2016) Abdulkareem, S; Ogunmodede, S; Aweda, J. O.; Abdulrahim, A. T; Ajiboye, T. K; Ahmed, I. I.; Adebisi, J. A.
    This paper reports on the investigation of thermal properties of Kapok, Coconut fibre and Sugarcane bagasse composite materials using molasses as a binder. The composite materials were moulded into 12 cylindrical samples using Kapok, Bagasse, Coconut fibre, Kapok and Bagasse in the ratios of (70:30; 50:50 and 30:70), Kapok and Coconut fibre in the ratios of (70:30; 50:50 and 30:70), as well as a combination of Kapok, Bagasse and Coconut fibre in ratios of (50:10:40; 50:40:10 and 50:30:20). The sample size is a 60mm diameter with 10mm – 22mm thickness compressed at a constant load of 180N using a Budenberg compression machine. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity tests were carried out using thermocouples and the results were read out on a Digital Multimeter MY64 (Model: MBEB094816), while a Digital fluke K/J thermocouple meter PRD-011 (S/NO 6835050) was used to obtain the temperature measurement for diffusivity. It was observed that of all the twelve samples moulded, Bagasse, Kapok plus Bagasse (50:50), Kapok plus Coconut fibre (50:50) and Kapok plus Bagasse plus Coconut fibre (50:40:10) has the lowest thermal conductivity of 0.0074, 0.0106, 0.0132, and 0.0127 W/(m-K) respectively and the highest thermal resistivity. In this regard, Bagasse has the lowest thermal conductivity followed by Kapok plus Bagasse (50:50), Kapok plus Bagasse plus Coconut fibre (50:40:10) and Kapok plus Coconut fibre (50:50).
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    Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Failed Coupling with an Airlock in a Flour Mill.
    (IAEME, 2018) Abdulrahman, K. O.; Adediran, A. A.; Abraham, A; Abdulkareem, S; Olawale, M. I.; Yahaya, Suleiman Abimbola
    In the present work, we report the microstructural and mechanical properties of failed coupling with an airlock in a flour mill. The coupling which was made of aluminium alloy is used to transmit torque from the electric motor to an airlock used on a flour mill production line. The fracture that occurred at the root of the teeth of the coupling was investigated using various tests and analysis. The tests includes: macro examination, micro-structural examination, composition analysis, hardness and tensile test were employed for this investigation. From the tests carried out, it was observed from the macro examination that the coupling undergoes a brittle failure. However, composition analysis revealed a relatively high weight composition of aluminium (87.5 wt. %) suggesting that the coupling was made of aluminium based alloy. The significant presence of Cu and Zn at 2.77 wt. % and 1.03 wt. % respectively indicates that the alloying elements were mainly of copper and zinc. The tensile test result revealed that the material has an ultimate tensile strength of 178 N/mm2 which is comparatively lower than most aluminium alloys. This might be as a result of the high Si composition of 7.24 wt. % observed from the chemical compositional analysis. The hardness result showed the Brinell hardness of the fractured samples as 76.53 BHN. The microstructure of the coupling at three different sections gave three different micrographs, further proving uneven distribution of the aluminium alloy element. Thus, the presence of Si at relatively high percentage, often intended to increase the strength, wear resistance and weldability may be detrimental to the coupling ductility and tensile strength and may have contributed to the early fracture of the coupling.
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    Physical and Mechanical Characteristics Of Charcoal, Sawdust and Sugarcane Bagasse as Solid Fuel Materials
    (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), 2017) Abdulkareem, S; Badejo, H. A.; Ahmed, I. I.; Adebisi, J. A.; Yahaya, T.; Ajiboye, T. K.; Abdulrahim, A. T.
    This paper reports on the physical and mechanical characteristics of briquettes produced from charcoal, sawdust and sugarcane bagasse using molasses with sodium silicate as binders. Charcoal, sawdust and sugarcane bagasse were mixed in a respective ratio of 20:20:60, 20:30:50, 20:40:40, 20:50:30 and 20:60:20. The briquettes were produced using Budenberg dial gauge compression machine, with a pressure of 64 MPa at 120 seconds dwell time. Physical properties (relaxation ratio, compaction ratio and shattering index) and mechanical property (compressive strength) of the produced briquettes were investigated. Results show that briquette with sample composition of 20:30:50 has better physical properties with a relaxation ratio of 1.562, a compaction ratio of 7.573 and shatter index of 99.6%, while sample with ratio 20:40:40 has the highest compressive strength of 55.43 kN/m2.
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    Potential of cow horn for carbonitriding treatment of steel
    (Springer Link (Waste Biomass Valor), 2018-02-07) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Ahmed, I.I; Mohammed, A.T; Abdulkareem, S; Yahaya, T; Bayode, B. L
    The potential of carbonitriding treatment of steel with cow horn was investigated in line with abattoir waste to wealth approach of waste management. The objectives of the study included processing of cow horn into different morphologies namely: powder and flakes for carbonitriding heat treatment, and, chemical analyses of cow horn with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques to determine the chemical composition and phases of cow horn respectively. The heat treatment was carried out at 850 and 450 °C for carburizing and nitriding dominated processes respectively. Vickers hardness measurement was carried out to determine the hardness profile on carbonitrided samples. Optical metallography was carried out for microstructural examination and to investigate phase contrast between the case and core of carbonitrided sample. The result of hardness test observed is consistent with the case hardening profile with higher hardness value at near surface decreasing towards core. Sample heat treated with horn flakes showed higher hardness than those with horn powder. Microstructural phase contrast showed delineation of the hardened case and soft inner core. The high hardness of case was attributed to diffusion of carbon and nitrogen atoms from the cow horn to iron interstices. This supposition was corroborated by detection of carbon and nitrogen with EDS and XRD tests. It was therefore concluded that cow horn could be processed as candidate materials for carbonitriding of steel.
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    Quality Characteristics of Commercially Available Brake Pads for Light Weight Vehicles in Nigeria Market.
    (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria, 2019-06-20) Abdulkareem, S; Ajiboye, T. K.,; Balogun, O. S.,; Ibrahim, H. K.
    Many experimental studies on the different compositions of brake pads have been carried out with the goal of providing sufficient wear resistance, stable friction and acceptable environmental conditions. However, the variation of the coefficient of friction and performance properties depends on it materials. The presence of different types of brake pads in the Nigerian market today makes it imperative to make a clear distinctions with regards to quality and performance. This study investigate the quality characteristics of commercially obtained brake pad for light weight vehicles with respect to their physical and mechanical properties. The vehicles considered for this study were those with gross weight of between 1500 – 3500 Kg in Ilorin. The brake pads of three different vehicle brands were procured and labelled A, B and C respectively. The properties examined were Brinell hardness, tensile strength, compressive strength, impact strength and coefficient of friction by following standard test in each case. The results obtained showed that at 3000 Kgf, sample A, B and C has Brinell hardness values of 117.15, 106.68 and 103.22 respectively. Sample C has the highest yield force under tensile at 815.03 N followed by sample A at 520.87 N and sample B at 426.51 N. Under compression, sample B has the highest yield force of 32.46 KN while sample A has 17.68 KN and sample C recorded 14.59 KN. The three test samples showed impact strengths of between 69 – 69.17 J with sample B having the highest impact strengths of 69.17 J. The coefficient of friction obtained ranges between 0.32 – 0.34. The results indicate non-uniformity in brake pads composition in the study area and the local authority involved with standardization needs to enforce strict adherence to standards
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    Sexual deviant behaviour: Implications for counselling
    (Faculty of Education, University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria, 2015) Adegboyega, Lateef Omotosho; Alwajud-Adewusi, Mariam B.; Abdulkareem, S; Fasasi, Lukman; Uhor, Aminat
    Sexual deviant behaviour is act of engaging in unaccepted, abnormal and illegal sexual behaviour in a community. Homosexuality and Pedophilia are not strange sexual behaviour in Nigeria despite the grave punishment attached to it. Though many American and European countries legalise the act and has been pressuring other countries to do the same; Nigeria inclusive. Unusual sexual experience at childhood as been identify as one of the causes of homosexuality and pedophilia. One of the effects of homosexuality and pedophilia is high risk of suicide and can be cure by therapist/counsellors using techniques like aversive. By implication, this paper discusses sexual deviant behaviour and suggests recommendations to curb this abnormal behaviour.
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    Suitability of some selected Ado-Ekiti (Nigeria) natural moulding sands’ properties for sand casting
    (Faculty of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria, 2017-12-02) AMBALI, IBRAHIM OWOLABI; Shuaib-Babata, Y. L; Yaru, S. S; Abdulkareem, S; Ajayi, S; Busari, Y. O; Ajao, K. S; Ibrahim, H. K; Mohammed, G. A
    In achieving accelerated and sustaining economic growth and development in Nigeria, there is need for domestication of finished goods production through sustainable industrialization. Foundry technology is one of the vital bases for rapid industrial development of any nation. Samples of moulding sand at green state were collected from four different moulding sand deposits within Ado-Ekiti in Nigeria. The samples were prepared using ASTM and British standards, while the materials’ Physico-mechanical properties were evaluated using American Foundry Society (AFS) guidelines. The results obtained from the tests were compared with the AFS’s satisfactory mould sand properties for various types of metal castings. The sand samples were found to meet the requirements for casting various metals of different types like Aluminum, brass and bronze, light and malleable iron, light and medium grey iron, except heavy steel. The presence of red oxide in the sands and the specimens’ higher compressive strength values show that the natural sands will be suitable for casting of non- ferrous metal of low temperature. Effective application of the sample sands in casting will also enhance industrialization, job creation and the nation self-reliance through reduction in importation of foundry sand and foundry products into the
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    Suitability of some Selected Ado-Ekiti (Nigeria) Natural Moulding Sands’ Properties for Sand Casting
    (Faculty of Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria, 2017-12) Shuaib-Babata, Y. L.; Yaru, S. S.; Abdulkareem, S; Ajayi, S; Busari, Y. O.; Ajao, K. S.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Ambali, I. O.; Mohammed, G. A.
    In achieving accelerated and sustaining economic growth and development in Nigeria, there is need for domestication of finished goods production through sustainable industrialization. Foundry technology is one of the vital bases for rapid industrial development of any nation. Samples of moulding sand at green state were collected from four different moulding sand deposits within Ado-Ekiti in Nigeria. The samples were prepared using ASTM and British standards, while the materials’ Physico-mechanical properties were evaluated using American Foundry Society (AFS) guidelines. The results obtained from the tests were compared with the AFS’s satisfactory mould sand properties for various types of metal castings. The sand samples were found to meet the requirements for casting various metals of different types like Aluminum, brass and bronze, light and malleable iron, light and medium grey iron, except heavy steel. The presence of red oxide in the sands and the specimens’ higher compressive strength values show that the natural sands will be suitable for casting of non- ferrous metal of low temperature. Effective application of the sample sands in casting will also enhance industrialization, job creation and the nation selfreliance through reduction in importation of foundry sand and foundry products into the country.